Zomera zomwe zimadyetsa dziko lapansi - Zosintha zomwe zimapanga tsogolo la mbewu zathu ndi mbewu zamtsogolo

Ambiri aife tili ndi malingaliro athu pazakudya ndi zomera zomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu la zakudya zathu. Koma kodi kusintha kwa nyengo, mikangano, kuganizira za thanzi, moyo ndi zina zamakono zimakhudza bwanji mbewu zomwe timalima panopa komanso zimene tingafune m’tsogolo? Izi ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zayankhulidwa mu lipoti latsopano, lotchedwa Zomera zomwe zimadyetsa dziko lapansi, ndi Food and Agriculture Organization ya United Nations (FAO).

Mpaka pano, tadalira mbewu zochepa, monga tirigu, chimanga ndi mpunga, pazosowa zathu zambiri za caloric. Komabe, pali mitundu yopitilira 7,000 ya zomera, ndipo mwina mpaka 30,000 yomwe anthu amaiona kuti ndi yodyedwa.

Ndi Secretariat yake yochokera ku FAO, a Pangano Lapadziko Lonse la Zomera Zachilengedwe Zazakudya ndi Zaulimi idakhazikitsidwa mu 2001 kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zopangira majini zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za anthu zimatetezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera padziko lonse lapansi. Annex 1 ya pangano lomangirira mwalamulo ili landandalika 64 mwa mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga "basiketi yathu yazakudya" komanso zomwe chibadwa chathu chimasinthidwa ndi mabanki a majini kudzera mu International Treaty's Multilateral System for Access and Benefit-Share.

Cholinga cha Pangano la Padziko Lonse ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo za chibadwa za zomera zikufikiridwa ndi aliyense, makamaka alimi a mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, kuti tonse tipindule ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu zomwe zingakwaniritse zosowa zathu zopatsa thanzi.

Tiyeni tiwone zinthu zinayi zofunika zomwe zadziwika mu kafukufukuyu zomwe zikupanga momwe zomera zimatidyetsera komanso zomwe zikuwonetsa chifukwa chomwe ma genetic ali ofunikira kuti apange bwino, zakudya, chilengedwe komanso moyo wabwino:

1. Lingaliro lachitetezo cha chakudya lakula.

Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe "dengu lathu lazakudya" lidzafunika kuphatikizira zomera zambiri kuposa momwe zinkakhalira kale ndi chifukwa chakuti kamvedwe kathu ka chitetezo cha chakudya kukukula. Zaka zoposa 20 zapitazo, pamene Pangano la Mayiko Padziko Lonse linapangidwa koyamba, kugogomezera kwakukulu kunali pa ma calories ofunikira kupereka chakudya choyambirira ndi kuthetsa njala. Tsopano tikumvetsetsa kuti kuyang'ananso kumafunikanso kukhala pazakudya, kutsata muzakudya zazing'ono komanso ma macronutrients.

M'mayiko ambiri, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kudya mopitirira muyeso kumakhalapo pamene zakudya zikusintha kwambiri ndipo zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo mwa zakudya zachikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudzanso njala, zomera zopatsa thanzi osati zopatsa mphamvu zokha, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mudengu lathu lazakudya.

2. Zomera zakale sizitanthauza kuti mbewu zamtsogolo.

Komanso kudya masamba, zipatso, mtedza ndi mbewu zambiri chifukwa cha nkhawa, pali chizolowezi chodya mapuloteni ambiri opangidwa ndi zomera, monga ma pulses.

Zipatso zosadziwika bwino, zopatsa thanzi, monga mapira ndi manyuchi, kapena ngati chimanga, m'malo opanda gluteni, monga quinoa ndi amaranth, nazonso zikuchulukirachulukira. Mbewu zing'onozing'ono komanso zosagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo monga izi tsopano zili patsogolo pazakudya, osati pazakudya zokha, komanso chifukwa zambiri zimapindulitsa chilengedwe.

3. Mayiko ayamba kudalirana kwambiri pa mitundu ya mbewu.

Chifukwa cha vuto la nyengo lomwe likukhudza nyengo ya mvula ndi kutentha kwa dziko lonse, mitundu ina ya mbewu sikukulanso bwino m’malo amene poyamba zinkamera bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zingapo zapitazo, mwina si anthu ambiri amene akananeneratu kuti chimanga chikakhala chovuta kulima m’madera ena a mu Afirika. Komabe, alimi a m’madera amenewa tsopano akufunafuna mbewu zina, monga mapira, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mvula.

Kusintha kwanyengo kumeneku kukutanthauza kuti padzakhala kufunikira kochulukirapo kuti mayiko apeze mitundu ya zomera kuchokera kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi kuti apitilize kapena kukulitsa zokolola zake.

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukungowonjezera kudalirana, koma mayiko akhala amadalirana pa mbewu zomwe zinayambira kwina. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya khofi yochokera ku Africa yayenda padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale, pankhani ya mbatata, South America ikadali ndi mitundu yambiri yopereka kuposa dera lina lililonse.

Pazifukwa izi, njira ya mgwirizano wamayiko osiyanasiyana ya mgwirizano wamayiko ndi yofunika kwambiri.

4. Zokonda ndi mafashoni akusinthanso kufunikira kwa mbewu.

Kusintha kwa zomwe amakonda komanso kakhalidwe kake kukuchititsanso kuti alimi ayambe kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu zomwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo moyo wawo, kaya ndi kulima quinoa kapena kulima nandolo.

Koma zofuna zatsopano zikubweranso kuchokera kumadera ena, monga ophika omwe ali ndi chidwi chofufuza zokonda ndi maonekedwe a mbewu zachikhalidwe, komanso nthawi zambiri zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, wophika wa ku Sierra Leone, Fatmata Binta, watsimikiza pophika kuti awonetsere mapira a fonio, omwe amafunikira madzi ochepa komanso opatsa thanzi kwambiri.

Mawu awa sanali mbali ya zokambirana pamene Pangano la Padziko Lonse linakambidwa koyamba, koma tsopano akumveka kwambiri.

Monga mgwirizano wokhawo wapadziko lonse wokhazikika wokhudzana ndi kuteteza, kusunga ndi kusinthanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zomwe timalima ndi kudya padziko lonse lapansi, Pangano la Padziko Lonse lili ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa dziko lathu lodalirana komanso losintha.

The lipoti latsopano, yomwe imasonkhanitsa deta ya mbewu za 355, idzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakudziwitsa zokambirana za ndondomeko, kuphatikizapo kukonzanso dengu la mbeu mu Annex I ya Pangano la Padziko Lonse. Lipotilo limayala maziko olola anthu kuti afufuze kuthekera kwa zomera zina masauzande ambiri kuti akwaniritse zosowa zathu za chakudya m'tsogolomu.