Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Ophatikizana Kumawonjezera Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Mbatata ndi 45%: Chitsanzo cha Vietnam Chotseka Kusiyana kwa Kupereka Zinthu

Kwa mainjiniya a zaulimi ndi akatswiri a zaulimi, zotsatira za pulojekiti ya Central Agricultural Extension ku Vietnam zimapereka umboni wokwanira wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito makina mokwanira—kuphatikiza kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kulumikizana kwa processing—kungasinthe kwambiri chuma cha mbatata za alimi ang'onoang'ono. Food Crops Research Institute idakhazikitsa bwino malo asanu ndi limodzi a zitsanzo m'zigawo za Thanh Hoa, Ninh Binh, Bac Ninh, ndi Hung Yen, kuphatikiza mahekitala 60 obzalidwa ku mitundu iwiri yosankhidwa mwanzeru: mtundu wokonza FL2215 (mahekitala 45) ndi mtundu watsopano wa KT7 (mahekitala 15). Ndi makina onse ogwira ntchito—kuyambira kukonza nthaka ndi kupanga mabedi mpaka feteleza, kuthirira madzi, kuteteza mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto opanda anthu, ndi kukolola makina—mitunduyi idapeza zokolola zoyembekezeredwa za matani 20-25 pa hekitala, ndikupanga zokolola zonse za matani 1,400-1,500. Kusanthula zachuma kumatsimikizira kuti njira yophatikizana iyi imawonjezera mphamvu yopangira ndi 40-45% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zolima.

Deta ya pa famu imatsimikizira zomwe zapezekazi motsatizana. Mu Ninh Binh, mlimi Hoang Van Giap adabzala malo okwana masikweya mita 1,260 ndi mtundu wa KT7 ndipo, ngakhale kuti kuchedwa kubzala chifukwa cha mvula yambiri, akuyembekeza kuti zokolola za matani 23 pa hekitala iliyonse zipanga ndalama zokwana pafupifupi 32 miliyoni VND ndi phindu la 11 miliyoni VND—kuwonjezeka kwa 48% pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo olamulira. Mu Hung Yen, malo a Doan Truong Vinh okhala ndi mahekitala 0.2 FL2215 akuyembekezeka kupereka matani 4.8, ndipo Duc Minh Seed Trading Company ikutsimikizira kugula pa 8,000-10,000 VND/kg, kupereka phindu la 20-21 miliyoni VND—kukwera kwa 45% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe. Chofunika kwambiri, Vinh akugogomezera kuti makina amasintha zomwe zimachitika paulimi: ntchito iliyonse kuyambira kulima mpaka kukolola imachitika ndi makina, alimi makamaka akuyang'anira minda ndi kuyika m'matumba a tubers zokololedwa, pomwe Institute ikuthandizira kulumikizana kwathunthu ndi makampani ogula. Nkhani yonse ikuwonetsa chifukwa chake chitsanzochi chili chofunika: Vietnam pakadali pano imalima mahekitala pafupifupi 200,000 a mbatata, ndipo 60-70% imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, komabe mafakitale opangira zinthu m'nyumba amafuna matani pafupifupi 180,000 pachaka—kufunikira kumeneku kumakwaniritsidwa ndi 30-40% yokha kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa m'nyumba, ndipo zotsalazo zimatumizidwa kunja. Ndi zabwino zopikisana kuphatikiza ulimi wa m'nyengo yozizira zomwe zimapewa mpikisano ndi mbewu zina, kupezeka kwa zida zopangira makina, mitundu ya m'nyumba yobala zipatso zambiri, komanso ndalama zomwe zikukula zopangira makina, gawo la mbatata ku Vietnam lili ndi maziko olimba akukula kosatha komwe chitsanzo ichi chophatikiza makina chimapangidwa kuti chifulumizitse.