#Agriculture#FoodSecurity#Unemployment#COVID-19#PolicyInterventions#JobCreation#SupplyChainDisruptions.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zapita patsogolo kwambiri m’zaka 2023 zapitazi, njala ya padziko lonse idakali nkhani yaikulu. Delivery Rank yalemba zowona komanso ziwerengero zaposachedwa panjala yapadziko lonse lapansi mu 19 kuti ziwonetse kuzama kwavuto lothandizira anthu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe zathandizira kwambiri panjala yapadziko lonse lapansi, momwe njala imakhudzira ana, udindo wa Covid-XNUMX, ndi mayankho omwe atha kutsatiridwa pagulu komanso m'mabungwe kuti athetse vutoli.
Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation la United Nations (FAO), anthu 690 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi adavutika ndi njala mchaka cha 2019, chiwonjezeko cha 10 miliyoni kuchokera chaka chatha. Kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa ndi Asia ndi madera omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi njala, pomwe anthu 250 miliyoni ndi 418 miliyoni akuvutika ndi njala, motsatana.
Njala imakhudza kwambiri ana, ndipo ana 149 miliyoni osakwanitsa zaka zisanu akuvutika ndi vuto lakukula chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Mu 2020, ana pafupifupi 375 miliyoni adaphonya chakudya kusukulu chifukwa chotseka sukulu chifukwa cha Covid-19. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti m’madera ambiri padziko lonse mukhale njala ya ana ndi kusoŵa zakudya m’thupi ziwonjezeke.
Mliri wa Covid-19 wakulitsa vuto la njala, ndikuyerekeza kuti anthu owonjezera 130 miliyoni atha kukankhidwira muumphawi wadzaoneni komanso njala chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mliriwu. Kutsekeka ndi zoletsa kuyenda kwasokonezanso njira zoperekera chakudya komanso mwayi wopeza chakudya, zomwe zikukulitsa vutoli.
Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwapa la bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), anthu pafupifupi 700 miliyoni padziko lonse ali ndi njala. Chiwerengerochi chakwera kuyambira mliri wa COVID-19, womwe wakulitsa kusalingana komwe kulipo ndikukankhira anthu ambiri muumphawi. Kuwonjezera pa njala, kupereŵera kwa zakudya m’thupi ndi vuto lalikulu, chifukwa anthu oposa 2 biliyoni padziko lonse ali ndi vuto linalake la kupereŵera kwa zakudya m’thupi.
Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa kwambiri la bungwe la United Nations, pakali pano njala ikuopseza anthu 34 miliyoni m’mayiko 20. Ku South Sudan, Yemen, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Afghanistan, Venezuela, Northeast Nigeria, ndi Burkina Faso, mikangano, zochitika zachilengedwe, ndi mavuto azachuma zikuyambitsa kapena kukulitsa kusowa kwa chakudya. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi zaka mazana apitawa, njala yachepa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwabwinoko kupewa komanso mapulogalamu othandizira chakudya.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zopewera njala ndi njira zochenjeza mwamsanga zomwe zimalola kuyankha mwamsanga. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2017, bungwe la Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) linazindikira za ngozi ya njala ku South Sudan ndipo zinayambitsa kuyankha mwamsanga komwe kunapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mapologalamu othandizira chakudya akhala akuyenda bwino komanso ogwira mtima popereka chithandizo kwa omwe akufunika thandizo. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la World Food Programme, limapereka chakudya kwa anthu pafupifupi 97 miliyoni m’mayiko 88 chaka chilichonse.
Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, chiyembekezo chilipo. Komiti Yothandizira Zachitukuko (DAC) yakhala ikugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi njala padziko lonse lapansi pogwirizanitsa zoyesayesa ndi kuwonjezera thandizo. DAC, gulu la mayiko 24, lakhala likusanthula deta ndikuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuyankha kwawo kothandiza anthu ndi kothandiza. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mayiko a DAC awonjezera ndalama zothandizira chakudya kuchoka pa $3.28 biliyoni kufika pa $4.5 biliyoni.
Ngakhale kuti zoyesayesa zimenezi n’zoyamikirika, pali zambiri zimene zikufunika kuchitidwa kuti athane ndi vuto la njala padziko lonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa njala, monga mikangano, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi umphawi, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa chithandizo cha zakudya za m'deralo ndi ulimi wokhazikika. Maboma, alimi, akatswiri a zachuma, akatswiri a zaulimi, ndi asayansi ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi.
Bungwe la Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) latulutsa lipoti lake laposachedwa lokhudza ndalama zothandizira chakudya zomwe mayiko omwe akuchita nawo Komiti Yothandizira Zachitukuko (DAC). Malinga ndi lipotilo, dziko la United States ndi limene lili pamwamba pa mayiko amene awononga ndalama zambiri popereka chakudya, ndipo dziko la Germany, Turkey, ndi United Kingdom ndi limene limagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. Ngakhale kuti mayiko ena akuperekanso ndalama zambiri, vutoli likukulirakulirabe.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za vuto la njala padziko lonse ndi umphawi. Anthu omwe ali paumphawi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la kusowa kwa chakudya, kusowa madzi abwino akumwa, komanso kusowa thandizo lowathandiza kuthana ndi vuto la njala. Nkhaniyi siili m’maiko osatukuka okha koma ingakhudzenso anthu a m’maiko otukuka.
Kusintha kwanyengo ndi chinthu china chachikulu chomwe chikuyambitsa vuto la njala padziko lonse lapansi. Kusasinthika kwanyengo ndi masoka achilengedwe zimawononga mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa chakudya komanso kukwera mtengo. Malinga ndi World Bank, kusintha kwanyengo kungapangitse anthu enanso 132 miliyoni kukhala ndi njala pofika 2030.
Kusemphana maganizo ndi kusamuka kwawo kumathandizanso kwambiri kuti pakhale kusowa kwa chakudya. Anthu miyandamiyanda akusamuka m’nyumba zawo chifukwa cha nkhondo, chizunzo, kapena masoka achilengedwe, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti anthu awonongeke komanso asowe chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mikangano imasokoneza njira zoperekera chakudya ndikupangitsa kukwera kwamitengo yazakudya.
Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), anthu pafupifupi 690 miliyoni anali ndi njala mchaka cha 2019, ndipo mliri wa COVID-19 wakulitsa vutoli, ndikupangitsa anthu ena 132 miliyoni kukhala ndi njala yosatha.
Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi sikumakhudza thanzi lathupi lokha komanso kukula kwamalingaliro ndi kuzindikira, makamaka kwa ana. Malinga ndi World Health Organisation (WHO), ana pafupifupi 149 miliyoni osakwanitsa zaka 5 adapunthwa mu 2020, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula ndi kuzindikira kwawo. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa ana kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha matenda, chifukwa chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimakhala chofooka.
Zotsatira za njala ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi sizimangokhudza thanzi lathupi komanso zimakhudzanso chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zachuma. Njala imakhudza kuthekera kwa anthu kugwira ntchito ndi kupeza zofunika pamoyo, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti umphawi upitirire. Malinga ndi Banki Yadziko Lonse, kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti GDP iwonongeke m'maiko ena. Komanso, njala ingayambitse chipwirikiti ndi mikangano, makamaka m’mayiko amene mulibe chakudya chokwanira.
Njira yothetsera vuto la njala ndi umphawi imafuna njira zambiri. Kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wopeza chakudya, makamaka kumidzi, ndikofunikira. Izi zikhoza kutheka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama mu ulimi ndi chitukuko cha kumidzi, komanso kudzera mu mapulogalamu a chitetezo cha anthu omwe amayang'ana magulu omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri. Kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa umphawi, monga kusalingana ndi kusowa kwa maphunziro, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi madzi aukhondo, n'kofunikanso kwambiri.
Kufunika Kwachangu Kuthana ndi Kusowa Chakudya Pakati pa Alimi Ang'onoang'ono
Alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chakudya padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga 70 peresenti ya chakudya chapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, alimi, abusa, ndi asodzi ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri amagwira ntchito mopanda malo ndi chuma chochepa ndipo ali m’gulu la anthu amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha kusowa kwa chakudya, makamaka m’mayiko osauka. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zomwe zachitika posachedwa pazovuta zomwe alimi ang'onoang'ono amakumana nazo komanso kufunikira kwachangu kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya pakati pa gululi.
Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation la United Nations (FAO), anthu pafupifupi 690 miliyoni amavutika ndi njala padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri. Alimi ang’onoang’ono nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi luso lamakono lamakono ndi zinthu zokwanira zotetezera mbewu zawo, ziweto zawo, ndi usodzi ku tizirombo, matenda, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, alimi ang'onoang'ono ambiri alibe malo okwanira olimapo mbewu zokwanira kuti azisamalira iwo eni ndi mabanja awo kapena kupeza ndalama zokwanira zogulira chakudya panthawi yomwe sakupezeka.
Mavuto omwe alimi ang'onoang'ono amakumana nawo akukulirakulira ndi mliri wa COVID-19, womwe wasokoneza njira zoperekera chakudya padziko lonse lapansi ndikupangitsa kuti alimi awonongeke kwambiri. Lipoti laposachedwa la Banki Yadziko Lonse likuyerekeza kuti mliriwu wakakamiza anthu ena 75-100 miliyoni mu umphawi wadzaoneni, pomwe alimi ang'onoang'ono ali m'gulu la omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya pakati pa alimi ang'onoang'ono, m'pofunika kuyikapo ndalama m'njira zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopeza luso lamakono, chidziwitso, ndi ndalama. Mapulogalamu omwe amalimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika, monga ulimi wosamalira, angathandize kuwonjezera zokolola komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kupereka mwayi wopeza ngongole ndi inshuwaransi kungathandize alimi ang'onoang'ono kuthana ndi ngozi ndikuwonjezera ndalama zomwe amapeza. Njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso chitetezo cha anthu zingathandizenso kuti alimi ang'onoang'ono azikhala ndi chakudya chokwanira.
Alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chakudya padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya pakati pa gululi ndikofunikira kuti aliyense apeze chakudya chokwanira. Kuyika ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopeza umisiri wamakono, chidziwitso, ndi ndalama, kulimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika, kupereka mwayi wopeza ngongole ndi inshuwaransi, komanso kulimbikitsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso kuteteza anthu kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi mabanja awo ali ndi moyo wabwino komanso amakhala ndi moyo wabwino. .
Nkhondo & Mikangano
Nkhondo ndi mikangano zili ndi zotsatirapo zoipa kwambiri pa chakudya, zomwe zikusiya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ali ndi njala ndi umphawi. Mikangano ikayamba, alimi amathawa m’minda yawo n’kusiya mbewu zawo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pakhale zinthu zosoŵa komanso zinthu zodula. Zida monga misewu ndi matanki othirira zawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, njala, umphawi, ndi mikangano zimapanga mkombero wodzikwaniritsa womwe umakulitsa mkhalidwewo. Anthu akamalakalaka chakudya, amakhala ndi mwayi wobera kapena kupha, zomwe zingayambitse nkhondo zapachiweniweni komanso mikangano yofala.
Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la World Food Programme (WFP), mayiko atatu omwe ali ndi nkhondo anali ndi anthu ambiri mu IPC Phase 3 vuto lazakudya kapena kupitilira apo. Pamodzi, Yemen, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ndi Afghanistan adawerengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lapansi pamavuto azakudya. IPC imayika kuopsa kwa kusowa kwa chakudya pamlingo wa 1-5, pomwe gawo 5 ndilo gawo lalikulu kwambiri la kusowa kwa chakudya. Pa mlingo 3, kusowa kwa chakudya kumatchedwa 'vuto.'
Zotsatira za nkhondo ndi mikangano pachitetezo cha chakudya ndizofunikira ndipo zimafuna kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuchokera kwa maboma, mabungwe othandiza anthu, komanso mayiko. M'madera omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mikangano, ndikofunika kupereka chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha chakudya ndikumanganso zowonongeka monga misewu ndi matanki a ulimi wothirira kuti athandize alimi kuti apeze malo awo ndi misika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano ndi umphawi kuti tithetse vuto la njala ndi mikangano.
Kuthana ndi Zowopsa za Nyengo: Njira za Alimi ndi Akatswiri aulimi
Masoka achilengedwe ndi kusokonekera kwa nyengo kungawononge minda, kuwononga zokolola, ndi kusiya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri anjala ndi opanda chakudya. Chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi, mphepo zamkuntho, ndi zivomezi zingagwere m’mafamu m’mbali iriyonse ya dziko, kudzetsa mavuto a njala pamlingo waukulu. M’nkhani ino, tiona mmene kugwedezeka kwa nyengo kukhudzire ulimi ndi chitetezo cha chakudya, kukambirana za njira zomwe alimi ndi akatswiri a ulimi angagwiritse ntchito kuti athane ndi mavutowa, ndikupereka zidziwitso zatsopano zokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo ndi masoka achilengedwe.
Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), kusintha kwa nyengo n’kumene kungachititse kuti m’madera ambiri padzikoli pakhale chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi, ndiponso mphepo yamkuntho. Izi zidzakhudza kwambiri ulimi, makamaka m'madera omwe ali pachiopsezo cha kusokonezeka kwa nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku amene bungwe la World Bank linanena kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kungachepetse zokolola ndi 30% m’madera ena a mu Africa, zomwe zimabweretsa kusowa kwa chakudya komanso kukwera mtengo kwa zakudya.
Kuti athane ndi mavutowa, alimi ndi akatswiri a zaulimi akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zomwe zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zanyengo. Njirazi zingaphatikizepo:
Zomera Zosiyanasiyana ndi Ziweto: Alimi atha kuchepetsa kudalira mbewu imodzi kapena mtundu wa ziweto posintha minda yawo yosiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kubzala mbewu zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana zokulira, kupirira chilala, komanso kukana tizilombo. Zingaphatikizeponso kuweta mitundu ingapo ya ziweto zomwe zimafuna zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso zomwe sizingakhale pachiwopsezo cha nyengo yoipa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi wosamala zanyengo: Njira zaulimi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino nyengo, monga ulimi woteteza, agroforestry, ndi kasamalidwe ka tizirombo tophatikizana, zingathandize alimi kuti achulukitse zokolola komanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wotentha. Njirazi zingathandizenso kuti minda ikhale yolimba polimbana ndi vuto la nyengo popititsa patsogolo thanzi la nthaka, kusamalira madzi, ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.
Kuyika ndalama pazitukuko ndi njira zotetezera anthu: Maboma ndi mabungwe a chitukuko atha kuthandiza alimi ndi midzi yakumidzi poikapo ndalama pazitukuko monga misewu, ulimi wothirira, ndi njira zowunikira nyengo. Athanso kukhazikitsa njira zotetezera anthu, monga mapulogalamu othandizira chakudya ndi inshuwaransi ya mbewu, kuti athandize alimi ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kuthana ndi zovuta za nyengo.
Kusintha kwa nyengo ndi masoka achilengedwe kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu kwa alimi, akatswiri aulimi, ndi anthu akumidzi padziko lonse lapansi. Potengera njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulimba komanso kuchepetsa kusatetezeka kwa nyengo, titha kuthandiza alimi kuthana ndi zovutazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi chakudya chotetezeka, chopatsa thanzi komanso chotsika mtengo.
Zotsatira za Kusafanana kwa Anthu, Malonda Opanda Chilungamo, Ulamuliro Wosauka, Ulova, ndi Kuwononga Chakudya pa Njala
Kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikuyambitsa njala. Anthu 1 pa 60 aliwonse olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi theka la chuma cha padziko lonse, zomwe zikusiya anthu mabiliyoni ambiri ali paumphawi osapeza chuma. Amayi ndi atsikana nawonso amakhudzidwa mopanda malire ndi njala, zomwe zimapangitsa 27% ya anthu onse omwe alibe chakudya padziko lonse lapansi. Tsankho kwa anthu amtundu wakomweko limakhudzanso kagawidwe ka chakudya, pomwe ana amwenye ku Guatemala akukumana ndi chiwopsezo cha XNUMX% kuposa ana omwe si a komweko.
Malonda opanda chilungamo a padziko lonse amayambitsanso njala, pamene mayiko olemera amapanga mapangano a malonda amene amapindula nawo pamene akuvulaza mayiko osauka. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kukwera kwa mitengo ya chakudya m’mayiko amene akutukuka kumene komanso kugaŵa chakudya mopanda chilungamo. Ulamuliro wosauka komanso zomangamanga zimalepheretsanso kupanga ndi kugawa chakudya, chifukwa misewu, ulimi wothirira, ndi maphunziro osakwanira, zimasiya mbewu zopanda madzi komanso chakudya chosagawika. Kulanda minda nakonso kumalanda alimi ang’onoang’ono, kuwasiya opanda gwero la ndalama kapena chakudya.
Ulova ndi chinthu chinanso chomwe chimayambitsa njala, pomwe kutha kwa ntchito kukugwetsa mabanja muumphawi ndi kusowa kwa chakudya. Mliri waposachedwa wakulitsa nkhaniyi, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mabanki azakudya kukwera ndi 60% ku America kokha.
Pomaliza, kuwononga chakudya ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limalepheretsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kupeza chakudya. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zakudya zonse zopangidwa zimawonongeka, zomwe zimakwana matani 1.3 biliyoni a chakudya chotayika chaka chilichonse. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumawononganso zachilengedwe, kukulitsa umphaŵi ndi njala.
Ndi Mayiko Ati Akufa Ndi Njala? Kuwona Kusowa Chakudya ku Yemen, Afghanistan, ndi Haiti
Malinga ndi 2020 Global Report on Food Crises, Yemen, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ndi Afghanistan anali ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lazakudya kapena kupitilira apo. Ku Yemen, mikangano, kugwa kwachuma, komanso kusowa kwandalama zimathandizira pamavuto akulu kwambiri othandizira anthu. Dziko la Afghanistan likukumana ndi mikangano, chilala, komanso mavuto azachuma, zomwe zikubweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwachitetezo cha chakudya. Kuwonongeka kwa zomangamanga ku Haiti, kugwa kwachuma, komanso zochitika zachilengedwe zaku Haiti zimapangitsa kuti likhale limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi njala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhanizi zikukulitsidwanso chifukwa cholephera kupeza zofunikira za anthu monga chithandizo chamankhwala ndi maphunziro.
Tsoka ilo, mayiko atatuwa ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za mayiko ambiri omwe akusowa thandizo. Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Chad, Zambia, Liberia, ndi Sudan ndi ena mwa mayiko omwe akukumana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya. Ndi mavuto omwe akupitilirabe pamikangano, kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso kusakhazikika kwachuma, ndikofunikira kuti mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi apereke chithandizo chachangu komanso chokhazikika kuti athe kuthana ndi vuto la chakudya m'maiko awa.
Kodi Covid-19 Anakhudza Chiyani Pa Njala Yapadziko Lonse?
Mliri wa Covid-19 wakhudza kwambiri njala padziko lonse lapansi komanso chitetezo cha chakudya. Ngakhale mliriwu usanachitike, anthu pafupifupi 690 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi anali kale ndi njala yosatha. Komabe, mliriwu wangowonjezera mkhalidwewo. Malinga ndi bungwe la United Nations, m’chaka cha 161 chiŵerengero cha anthu osoŵa chakudya chokwanira chinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 2020 miliyoni.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuwonjezeka kumeneku ndikukhudzidwa kwa Covid-19 pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene maiko ambiri akupita kukatseka, malire a mayiko adatsekedwa, ndipo malonda adachepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zasokoneza njira zogulitsira zinthu, zomwe zadzetsa kusowa kwa chakudya komanso kukwera kwamitengo yazakudya. Bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation la United Nations (FAO) likuti mitengo yazakudya padziko lonse lapansi idakwera ndi 25% mu 2020 poyerekeza ndi 2019.
Kuphatikiza pa kusokonezeka kwa malonda, mliri wadzetsanso kukwera kwa ulova, makamaka m'maiko osauka. Izi zapangitsa kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ataya ndalama zomwe amapeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza zofunika monga chakudya. Banki Yadziko Lonse ikuyerekeza kuti mliriwu udzakankhira anthu ena 88 mpaka 115 miliyoni mu umphawi wadzaoneni mu 2021.
Kuphatikiza apo, mliriwu wadzetsanso kusokonekera kwa mapulogalamu othandizira chakudya, omwe akhala ofunikira kwambiri pothandiza anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Pamene mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akuyang'ana kwambiri kuthana ndi mliriwu, achotsa zothandizira kumapulogalamu ena ofunikira, kuphatikiza chakudya. Izi zapangitsa kuti madera ambiri omwe ali pachiwopsezo asasiyidwe popanda thandizo.
Mliri wa Covid-19 wakhudza kwambiri njala padziko lonse lapansi komanso chitetezo cha chakudya. Mliriwu wasokoneza malonda a padziko lonse, kukwera kwa mitengo ya zakudya, ndipo zachititsa kuti anthu azisowa ntchito, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti anthu azivutika kupeza zofunika pa moyo monga chakudya. Mliriwu wadzetsanso kusokonekera kwa mapologalamu othandizira chakudya, zomwe zikukulitsa zinthu. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya, maboma ndi mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi akuyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti aliyense apeze chakudya chokwanira, chotetezeka komanso chopatsa thanzi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Banki Yazakudya Kukwera: Kukhudzidwa Kukula Kwaulimi ndi Gulu
M’zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha anthu amene amadalira mabanki a chakudya padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ulova ndi umphaŵi.
Malinga ndi zomwe boma la UK lidapeza, m'masabata oyambilira otsekedwa mu 2020, akuluakulu 7.7 miliyoni adachepetsa magawo awo kapena adadumpha chakudya chonse, ndipo akulu 3.7 miliyoni adalandira chakudya kuchokera ku mabungwe othandizira kapena mabanki azakudya. Kuwonjezeka kwachangu kwakugwiritsa ntchito mabanki azakudya ku UK pazaka khumi zapitazi, ndikukwera kwakukulu kumapeto kwa 2019 ndi 2020.
Kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe zosungira zakudya kuli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu paulimi ndi anthu. Kudalira mabanki a zakudya kungayambitse kusowa kwa zakudya zatsopano komanso zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira za thanzi labwino kwa anthu ndi mabanja. Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika kwa nkhokwe zazakudya kungapangitse kuti alimi azipanga chakudya chochuluka kuti akwaniritse zofunika, zomwe zingawononge chilengedwe.
Komanso, nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito mabanki a chakudya siili ku UK kokha. Mliri wa COVID-19 wadzetsa kusowa kwa chakudya padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe ana opitilira 368 miliyoni akusowa chakudya ndi zokhwasula-khwasula chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa sukulu. Ndikofunikira kuti onse ogwira nawo ntchito pazaulimi, kuphatikiza alimi, akatswiri azachuma, akatswiri azaulimi, ndi eni mafamu, agwire ntchito limodzi kuthana ndi vutoli ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chokhazikika.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mabanki a chakudya ndi nkhawa yomwe ikukulirakulira paulimi ndi anthu. Zomwe zaposachedwa kwambiri ku boma la UK zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mabanki azakudya kwafika pazaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri thanzi la anthu ndi mabanja. Ndikofunika kuti onse ogwira nawo ntchito abwere pamodzi kuti athetse vutoli ndikugwira ntchito kuti pakhale chakudya chokhazikika komanso chofanana.
Njira Zina Zothetsera Njala Yapadziko Lonse: Kukwaniritsa Cholinga Chachitukuko Chokhazikika cha UN cha Njala
Cholinga cha UN cha Sustainable Development Goal for Hunger, chomwe chimadziwika kuti Goal 2: Zero Hunger, cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa mitundu yonse ya njala ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m’thupi pofika chaka cha 2030. , ndi kulimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika ndi ulimi wokhazikika.
Chimodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu za Cholinga chachiwiri ndikupatsa munthu aliyense, makamaka ana, chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, chiwerengero cha anthu osowa chakudya chokwanira padziko lonse lapansi chikuchulukirachulukira kuyambira chaka cha 2, pomwe anthu pafupifupi 2014 miliyoni akuvutika ndi njala yosatha mchaka cha 811. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kufowoka ndi kuwonongeka kwa ana osakwana zaka zisanu. wazaka zakubadwa, komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa zopatsa thanzi za atsikana achichepere, amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa, ndi okalamba.
Mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri pakukwaniritsa cholinga chachiwiri ndi kulimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika ndikuthandizira olima zakudya ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza amayi, anthu amtundu, alimi a mabanja, abusa ndi asodzi. Izi zikuphatikizapo mwayi wofanana wopeza chuma ndi kukhazikitsa njira zaulimi zomwe zimachulukitsa zokolola ndikusunga zachilengedwe komanso kusintha kusintha kwa nyengo ndi nyengo yoipa.
Kuyika ndalama pazomangamanga zakumidzi, kafukufuku waulimi ndi kukulitsa, chitukuko chaukadaulo, mabanki amtundu wa mbewu ndi ziweto ndizofunikiranso kuti muwonjezere kupanga m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Kuonjezera apo, kuthetsa ndalama zothandizira komanso njira zotumizira kunja ndikuwonetsetsa kuti misika yazakudya ikugwira ntchito moyenera ndi mwayi wokwanira wodziwa zambiri za msika kungathe kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya zakudya ndikulepheretsa malonda a malonda m'misika yaulimi padziko lonse.
Pomaliza, kukwaniritsa cholinga cha UN Sustainable Development Goal for Hunger kumafuna njira zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo makomiti a mabungwe ndi mayiko, komanso zochita za munthu payekha. Polimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika, kuthandizira olima chakudya ang'onoang'ono, ndikuyika ndalama kuzinthu zakumidzi ndi kafukufuku waulimi, titha kuyesetsa kuthetsa mitundu yonse ya njala ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi pofika chaka cha 2030.
Zero Hunger Challenge: Kuthetsa Njala Yapadziko Lonse pofika 2030
The Zero Hunger Challenge, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN, Ban Ki-moon, mu 2012, cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi pamene akupanga zakudya zokhazikika komanso zopezeka. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mbali zisanu za cholinga cha chitukuko chokhazikika cha njala komanso kufunikira kwa kuyesetsa kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chothetsa njala padziko lonse pofika chaka cha 2030.
Zero Hunger Challenge ndi kuyitanitsa kuchitapo kanthu kuthetsa njala padziko lonse lapansi kudzera muzakudya zokhazikika komanso zofananira. Vutoli likugogomezera kufunikira kwa kuyesetsa kwapamodzi ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha njala. Mbali zisanu za cholinga cha chitukuko chokhazikika cha njala zikuphatikizapo kukhazikika m'dongosolo lililonse la chakudya, kuthetsa umphawi m'madera akumidzi, kusiya kutaya chakudya ndi kutaya, kupeza chakudya chokwanira kwa aliyense, chaka chonse, ndikuthetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.
Kukhazikika muzakudya zilizonse kumatanthawuza kufunikira kowonetsetsa kuti kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya kumakhala kosasunthika komanso kogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Kuthetsa umphawi m'madera akumidzi kumaphatikizapo kuwirikiza kawiri zokolola ndi ndalama za alimi ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti anthu azipeza chakudya chokwanira. Kusiya kutayika kwa chakudya ndi kuwononga kumatanthauza kupanga njira zotetezera chakudya kuti zisawonongeke ndikutayika panthawi yopanga, kukonza, ndi kugawa.
Kupeza chakudya chokwanira kwa aliyense, chaka chonse, n'kofunika kwambiri kuthetsa njala. Mbali imeneyi ikukhudza kukonza njira zogawira chakudya komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya chilipo komanso kuti aliyense azitha kupeza, posatengera ndalama zomwe amapeza kapena malo. Pomaliza, kuthetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumafuna njira zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wopeza zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kulimbikitsa maphunziro a kadyedwe koyenera.
Kukwaniritsa cholinga cha zero njala kumafuna khama limodzi ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Zero Hunger Challenge imapereka nsanja kwa maboma, mabungwe, ndi anthu pawokha kuti agawane njira ndi chidziwitso pomanga njira zokhazikika komanso zofananira zazakudya. Kudzera mu pulogalamuyi, titha kuthetsa umphawi ndi njala pomwe tikulimbikitsa mgwirizano wachigawo kuti tikwaniritse cholinga cha njala pofika 2030.
Zero Hunger Challenge ndi cholinga chofuna kuyesetsa kwapamodzi komanso mgwirizano wapadziko lonse kuti ukwaniritse. Pokhazikitsa njira zokhazikika komanso zofananira za chakudya, titha kuthetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi njala, ndipo pamapeto pake tikwaniritse cholinga chofuna kuthetsa njala pofika 2030.
Tsogolo la Zero Njala: Kodi Tingakwaniritse Zolinga Zathu?
Zero Hunger Challenge ndi Sustainable Development Goals zakonzekera kuthetsa njala pofika 2030.
Kuti mukwaniritse Zero Hunger Challenge ndi Zolinga Zachitukuko Chokhazikika, ndalama zowonjezera $ 11 biliyoni pachaka chilichonse mpaka 2030 zikufunika. Komabe, kafukufuku wa IISD akuwonetsa kuti ndalamazi sizingachitike, makamaka poganizira zazachuma za Covid-19. Kuti akwaniritse zolingazi, ndalama zokwana madola 4 biliyoni ziyenera kubwera kuchokera kwa opereka ndalama, ndipo madola 7 biliyoni ayenera kubwera kuchokera ku mayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso zotsika.
Tsoka ilo, zochitika za njala padziko lonse zikusonyeza kuti vutoli likukulirakulira. Pofika m’chaka cha 2030, anthu okwana 840 miliyoni akuyembekezeka kukhala ndi njala, chomwe ndi chiwonjezeko chachikulu kuchokera pa anthu 690 miliyoni omwe ali ndi vuto loperewera zakudya m’thupi masiku ano. Chiwerengerochi chili kutali ndi cholinga cha zero njala pofika 2030.
Ngakhale pali zovuta, zolinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi Zero Hunger Challenge ndi Sustainable Development Goals zimakhalabe zofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi njala padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito zogwirira ntchito limodzi, zothetsera zatsopano, ndi kuwonjezeka kwandalama ndizofunikira kuti tikwaniritse zolingazi.
Kuthetsa njala padziko lonse pofika 2030 ndi ntchito yovuta, ndipo tikukumana ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati sizingatheke. Komabe, tiyenera kukhala odzipereka ku zolinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi Zero Hunger Challenge ndi Sustainable Development Goals. Tiyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti tipeze mayankho okhazikika ndikuwonjezera ndalama zothana ndi njala padziko lonse lapansi. Pokhapokha pochita zinthu pamodzi tingayembekezere kukwaniritsa dziko limene palibe amene amamva njala.