'Gawoli lili ndi zoopsa, koma pakadali pano zikuwoneka kuti zikugona makamaka ndi wolima'
Mbatata imakololedwanso mu September. Koma kusokonekera kwachuma pamavuto am'mlengalenga sikunaphatikizidwebe pakulima mbatata. Zambiri za mbatata zachisanu sizinabwerepo. Pamwamba pa zochuluka za chaka chatha pamabwera phiri la mbatata zatsopano. Kodi pali zotsala zomwe zikubweranso? Ndipo tikuphunzirapo chiyani pamenepa?
Belgium ili ndi zochuluka za mbatata zochulukirapo, makamaka kuchokera ku mitundu ya mbatata yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala zinthu zachisanu. Izi zikuphatikiza batala la ku France ndi phala, zomwe zimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Koma mliriwo unkasunga malo odyera, ozama kwambiri komanso chakudya chofulumira chotsekedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mndandanda wa malonda uja unatsekedwa mwadzidzidzi.
Zotsatira zake ndi phiri lalikulu la mbatata. Kodi zokolola zatsopano zikukula kwambiri? Ndipo pamtengo wotani?
'Amawomba kawiri pa sabata'
Nthawi yamlengalenga mavuto, Romain Amasowa, wamkulu wa bungwe la mafakitale opanga mbatata Belgapom, adayitanitsa 'kudya batala kawiri pamlungu'. Mwanjira imeneyi, amayembekeza kuti achepetsa phiri lalikulupo la matani 750,000 a mbatata zochulukirapo. 'Pakadali pano, tikuganiza kuti padakali matani ochepera 100,000 a zotsala chaka chatha,' a Cools adauza MO *.
'Alimi omwe amagulitsa mbatata zawo pamsika waulere amadziwa kuti izi zimaika pachiwopsezo.'
'Olima mbatata ambiri amapanga mgwirizano ndi ogula. Pangano lotere, ogula amalonjeza mtengo wokwanira wa mbatata pofika tsiku linalake, 'akufotokoza a Cools. "Mapangano a mbatata omwe adakololedwa m'miyezi ikubwerayi adzalemekezedwa ndipo adzafunsidwa za mbatata zaulere," akulonjeza.
'Alimi omwe amagulitsa mbatata zawo pamsika waulere amadziwa kuti izi zimaika pachiwopsezo', akuwonjezera a Cools. Msika waulere ndi nkhambakamwa. Chaka chimodzi pamakhala mitengo yokwera, chaka china kutsika. '
'Pafupifupi zokolola zikuyembekezeka kukolola kwatsopano', akutero Guy Depraetere wa bungwe la General Farmers 'Syndicate. 'Zimakhala zovuta nthawi zonse kuyerekezera msika wa mbatata ndi zotsalira zilizonse za chaka chotsatira. Pali mbatata zomwe zimatha kusungidwa mu hangars kwa nthawi yayitali. '
'Kumapeto kwa chaka, mitengo nthawi zambiri imasintha,' akufotokoza a Depraetere. 'Zimachitika kuti pali mbatata zochepa zomwe zatsala chaka chimodzi ndikuti mtengo umakwera kumapeto kwa chaka. Kapenanso opanga mapulogalamu amazindikira patatha chaka kuti akhala akupanga ndalama mosasamala kanthu kuti mbatata zilipo zambiri. Kenako mtengo wake umatsika. ”
Chaka chatha, boma la Flemish ndi Belgapom adagwirizana kuti apereke ndalama zokwana matani 25 pa sabata ku Bank Bank.
Pazifukwa izi, boma la Flemish silikukonzekera zotsalira zatsopano. 'Chifukwa chakusatsimikizika kwa kupezeka ndi kufunikira mtsogolo kwa mbatata yosungira, palibe kuneneratu komwe kungaperekedwe pakadali pano za kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingachitike mchaka chamawa', nduna ya Flemish Minister of Landbfold Zolemba za Hilde (CD & V) yalengezedwa ndi imelo.
Pakukolola kwa nthawi yophukira 2019 zidagwirizana ndi Belgapom kuti apereke zina zotsala za mbatata (matani 25 pa sabata) kumabanki azakudya. Palibe mapangano otere okhudza zokolola zomwe zikubwerazi sanapangidwebe.
Zakudya za ziweto
Kuphatikiza apo, kukolola chimanga chaka chino, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto, ndizokhumudwitsa. Mbatata, yomwe imakhalanso ndi wowuma, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira kusowa uku. Mwanjira imeneyi, zotsalira zilizonse siziyenera kuwonongedwa ', akutero a Cools.
'Mbatata itha kusinthidwa kukhala chakudya cha ziweto', akumaliza Depraetere. 'Komabe, makampani azakudya amangoluma mtengo ukakhala wotsika kwambiri komanso pansi pamtengo wopangira', atero a Depraetere.
Chifukwa cha zovuta zam'mlengalenga, mbatata zokhazokha zomwe zimalandiridwa pano ndizomwe zimavomerezedwa m'mafakitale. Mitengo pamsika waulere ikuchepa. Kunena zowona, mbatata zaulere sizigulidwa. Nyuzipepala Landbouwleven imanenanso kuti m'chigawo chake "mitengo yamtengo wapatali" kuti palibe mawu chifukwa chosowa kwa zochitika.
Komabe, amaganiza kuti mtengo wamakilogalamu zana a mbatata pa mayuro awiri kapena awiri. Webusayiti yamgwirizano wa alimi ndiyabwino kwambiri, pamtengo wamakilogalamu 100 a mbatata pamayuro atatu, komanso ilinso yotsika mtengo.
Boma likudumpha
Pochepetsa zovuta zam'mlengalenga, olima mbatata atha kupita ku thumba lazadzidzidzi kuchokera kuboma la Flemish mpaka 28 Ogasiti. Inapereka chipukuta misozi cha mbatata kuchokera kukolola komaliza, komwe kwakhala kukuzungulira kuyambira 15 Meyi.
Ndalamazo zidafika pa EUR 50 pa tonne, koma matani 100 oyamba a zotsala sanabwezeredwe. Kuphatikiza apo, panali denga la matani 500 pamalipiro. 'Kuphatikiza apo, € 13 miliyoni yothandizira idaperekedwa kuchokera ku Europe kwa omwe amalima mbatata kudzera mchithandizo chachindunji', nduna ya Crevits ikuti.
'Chifukwa thandizo ladzidzidzi limangoperekedwa kuchokera kumatani 100, limakumana makamaka ndi omwe amalima akulu', atero a Depraetere. 'Komabe, ndikuthokoza kwambiri boma la Flemish chifukwa cha khama lawo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Wallonia, kunalibe chitetezo. '
Kuwonongeka kwa chilala kwabwezeredwa ndi thumba ladzidzidzi mzaka zaposachedwa, koma izi zikusintha.
Alimi a mbatata alandiranso chithandizo kuchokera ku thumba ladzidzidzi mzaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha chilala chomwe chikuwonjezeka pantchito yokolola. 'Chilalacho chikadziwika kuti ndi tsoka lachilengedwe kapena laulimi, alimi amatha kudalira chipukuta misozi cha thumba la boma la Flemish.'
Koma izi zatsala pang'ono kusintha. Kuwonongeka kwa mbeu chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta mwatsoka sikudzakumananso ndi thumba ladzidzidzi mtsogolo. Kuti achite izi, alimi adzasinthana ndi inshuwaransi yazazaka m'zaka zikubwerazi, 'akufotokoza a Depraetere.
Malinga ndi a Cools, ndalama zotere sizofunikira mlimi akugwira ntchito ndi mgwirizano. 'Gawo la mbatata lakhala "Robin Hood" pakati pazomera zomwe ambiri amaganiza kuti zinali pamsika waulere. Chilala choopsa komanso kusintha kwa nyengo zimapangitsa izi kukhala zovuta. Pankhani ya mgwirizano, udindo wa matani operekedwa ndi omwe amalima. Ayeneranso kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti akwaniritse zomwe walonjezedwa, 'akufotokoza.
Ndalama zachilengedwe
'Mapangano a mbatata mwa iwo okha ndi chinthu chabwino chifukwa amapatsa alimi mtengo wokhazikika', akutero Bart Vanwildemeersch wa West Flemish Environmental Federation. West Flanders ndi amodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu kwambiri zopanga mbatata. Ndizowona kuti kupanga mbatata - ndikukonza - kumawononga ndalama zambiri zachilengedwe.
'Pa mbewu zonse zolimidwa, mbatata zimalandira mankhwala otetezera kwambiri pa hekitala.'
Pa mbewu zonse zolimidwa, mbatata zimalandira mankhwala oteteza kwambiri pa hekitala. 'M'zaka zaposachedwa, olima akhala akuvutika ndi chilala. Ndicho chifukwa chake amalima nthawi zambiri amafuna kupopera mbatata zawo ndi madzi. Kugwira mawu nthawi zambiri kunkanyalanyazidwa ndipo mitsinje ya West Flemish imayamba kuuma. Izi zili ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pamitsinje ndi chilengedwe chake ', akufotokoza Vanwildemeersch.
Zaka zitatu zilizonse pamakhala mbatata m'munda. M'zaka zapakati pawo, mbewu zina zimabwera kumunda. Amatchedwa kasinthasintha wa mbewu. 'Tikuwona kuti nthaka yatopa ndi izi,' akutero Vanwildemeersch. 'Makamaka ku West Flanders, komwe kuli mbatata zochuluka kwambiri zomwe zimalimidwa kuti zigulitsidwe kunja.'
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zingakhale bwino kusinthana ndi kachitidwe komwe munda umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbatata zaka zinayi kapena zisanu zilizonse. Zaka zisanu zitha kukhala zabwino panthaka, koma ndizocheperako pachuma. Ndicho chifukwa chake mmodzi mwa anayi amawoneka ngati wololera wabwino. '
` Izi zimakhudzanso chilengedwe ', akutero Vanwildemeersch.
'Komabe, olima mbatata si okhawo amene amaipitsa nkhaniyi. Makampani opanga mbatata komanso kulima masamba kwambiri kumakhudzanso chilengedwe ku West Flanders ', akuwonjezera Vanwildemeersch.
Malinga ndi a Vanwildemeersch, yakwana nthawi yoti makampani opanga mbatata achite zambiri kuti athetse mavuto azachilengedwe. Chosonyeza izi ndi ziwonetsero zomwe zikuchitika kumpoto kwa France mumzinda wa St-Georges-sur-l'Aa motsutsana ndi malingaliro a woyambitsa mbatata Claerbout kuti atsegule nthambi yatsopano kumeneko. Nzika zimada nkhawa ndi momwe mbewu zimakhudzira chilengedwe. Amaopa kununkhiza kununkhira, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mopitilira muyeso, kuchuluka kwamayendedwe ambiri, zowononga chilengedwe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito amoniac, ndi zina zambiri.
Kutchova njuga kwamuyaya
Chaka chilichonse, olima mbatata amakumana ndi zovuta kusankha. Kumbali imodzi, amatha kumaliza mgwirizano womwe matani okhazikika amavomerezedwa pamtengo wokhazikika. Pochita izi, mlimi ayenera kukhala ndi mantha okula ndi kunenepa kwake ndipo chilengedwe chili pachiwopsezo chodzaza katundu. Kumbali inayi, pali mwayi wopanga zomwe sizidziwika pamsika waulere.
Ngakhale Belgapom ikunena lero kuti alimi ambiri amagwira ntchito ndi ma contract, mu 2017 dome lomwelo limalangiza kuti asalandire kulemera kwakukulu pa hekitala.
'Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wokayikitsa, kusowa kudagulidwa ndi fakitole pomulima wolima pamsika waulere.'
'Mu 2018 tinakhala ndi chilala chachikulu. Mafakitale anali ovuta kwa olima mbatata ', ndife a General Farmers' Syndicate. 'Aliyense amene sanathe kubweretsa ndalama zomwe analonjeza kuchokera ku mgwirizano anali wovuta. Chifukwa cha mapangano okayikitsa, zoperewera zinagulidwa ndi fakitaleyo, pomulima mlimiyo, pamsika waulere. Mbatata zaulere pamtengo wokwera kwambiri munthawi zosowa. Chaka chimenecho panali alimi omwe adapereka ma trailer ku mbatata ndipo amayenera kulipira invoice pamwamba pake. Kwa alimi ambiri, chaka chimenecho sichinasinthidwe, chifukwa ngongole izi nthawi zambiri zimafalikira pamgwirizano wazaka zotsatira. '
Ndiye chifukwa chake timaopa kuyika zolemera zambiri m'mafakitole. Kuopa chilala kunalonjeza kuchepa pamipangano. Chifukwa chake zomwe msika ungagule pamsika waulere zizikhala pamtengo wotsika ', atero a Depraetere.
Kodi mgwirizano wa mbatata pakadali pano ndiwokhazikika bwanji pakusintha kwamitengo yapadziko lonse komanso nyengo yotentha kwambiri?
Kwa mbadwo watsopano wa Mapangano a Mbatata
Mothandizana ndi onse omwe ali mgawo la mbatata, foramu Belpotato.be ikugwira ntchito yamtundu wina wamgwirizano. 'Mapangano omwe amaonetsetsa kuti gawo lokhazikika lachuma komanso zachilengedwe. Tikufuna kugwirira ntchito limodzi pazamalonda, 'akutero a Cools.
Depraetere amakhala mosamala. 'Belpotato ndi ntchito yabwino. Ndi malo omwe maphwando onse amakhala limodzi ndikukambirana mayankho. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ikhoza kukhala galimoto yopititsira patsogolo mapangano a mbatata, omwe ndakhala ndikuwalimbikitsa kwanthawi yayitali, 'adatero.
Malinga ndi a Vanwildemeersch a West Flemish Environmental Federation, yakwana nthawi yoti mafakitale opanga makinawo agwire bwino ntchito zachilengedwe. 'Zowopsa zambiri mgwirizanowu zidaperekedwa kale kwa mlimi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nditha kuthandizira lingaliro lokhazikitsa thumba lazachilengedwe pantchito ya Flemish, 'akutero. Mwachitsanzo, pomanga zomangamanga zatsopano, thumba loterolo liyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi ndikubzala kwazomera kumangidwa.
Kodi chiopsezo chikuyenera kunyamulidwa ndi alimi, mapurosesa, amalonda, ogula kapena boma? '
Msika ukuwoneka kuti ndiwosakhazikika chifukwa cha zokolola zosiyanasiyana komanso kufunika kosiyanasiyana. Kusunga kumangotenga nthawi yochepa. Chifukwa chake pali ngozi yomwe imafunika kunyamulidwa. Funso ndiloti ngati ngoziyi iyenera kunyamulidwa ndi olima, mapurosesa, amalonda, ogula kapena boma. Pakadali pano, zikuwoneka kuti pali zoopsa zambiri ndi wolima ', akutero Jeroen Buysse,katswiri wa mfundo zaulimi ku Ghent University.
Amafunsanso chilengedwe. 'Mbatata zimalandira zodzitetezera kuzomera kwambiri pa hekitala imodzi yazomera zonse zolimidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mbatata zimatsalira zotsalira za nitrate poyerekeza ndi mbewu zina zolimidwa. Mutha kudzifunsa ngati zili bwino kuti kupanga mbewu kumakula mwachangu ', akutero Buysse.
'Sindikuganiza kuti udindo wa wogula uyenera kuiwalika,' akuwonjezera. 'Ganizirani kachitidwe komwe kasitomala amayenera kusintha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chakudya kuti chikhalepo. Zopereka zake zachuma ndizokhazikika, pomwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya sikudziwika. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi maphukusi azakudya ', akutero Buysse. 'Zachidziwikire, ogula amatha kungogula zinthu zambiri zomwe katundu wawo ndi wamkulu', akumaliza.