Kuyambira kubzala mbatata mpaka kutseka mzere ndi nthawi yotanganidwa kwa alimi. Ndi nthawi yotanganidwa ndi namsongole. Kupititsa mankhwala a herbicide nthawi yoyenera ndikulumikizana ndi ntchito zaulimi pakati pa kubzala ndi kutsekedwa kwa mizere ndichinsinsi chothandizira udzu kuyambira koyamba mpaka kotsiriza. Nthawi kuyambira kubzala mpaka kutuluka imatha kukhala milungu itatu kapena inayi ndipo, kuchokera pakukhazikika mpaka kutsekedwa pamizere, milungu inayi mpaka isanu.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chake nthawi imakhala yofunika.
Kafukufuku waku University of Idaho akuwonetsa kuti kutaya kwa 5% kapena kupitilira apo ku US No. 1 kumachitika ngati nightshade waubweya sakulamulidwa kuyambira masiku angapo mbatata zitatuluka mpaka masiku 22 pambuyo pake (ma nightshades awiri aubweya pamzere mita). Ngati 1 pa mzere umodzi wokha ipikisana nawo nyengo yonse, ndiye kuti 21% US No. 1 zokolola zatayika.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeserera yosamalira namsongole kudzapereka udzu wabwino kwambiri mu mbatata: zida zachikhalidwe, zamakina, zamankhwala, ndi zida zachilengedwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi udzu, m'malo modalira chida chilichonse chothanirana ndi udzu.
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbitsira nthawi kunja kuno ndipo nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ziwiri. Onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito yolima / yosungira madzi.
- Kulima malo osungira madzi nthawi zina kumatchulidwa ndi dzina lina, Dammer Diker.
- Pazochitika zonse ziwirizi, zida zogwiritsira ntchito posungira zimakhazikika kuphiri nthawi yomweyo.
- Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amalumikiza chopopera mankhwala kumbuyo kwa zida zakulimapo ndikumwaza mankhwala ophatikizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Chithunzi 1).
- Mosasamala kanthu za momwe zinthu ziliri, ntchito yolima malo osungira madzi m'madzi ndi yomaliza kuchitidwa mpaka nthawi yokolola.
(Zoyenera kudziwa nthawi yake ndizoperekedwa kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi.)
Werengani ndi kutsatira chizindikiro cha herbicide
Sakanizani mankhwala a zitsamba ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athetse udzu wambiri komanso kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa udzu wosamva mankhwala. Pangani zosakaniza za ma herbicide kuti zikhudze namsongole m'munda winawake. Sinthasintha njira zowononga herbicide chaka ndi chaka.
Chitsanzo 1
"Kokani" mbatata isanatuluke komanso "kugwirira ntchito posungira madzi" pambuyo poti mbatata yatuluka. Mankhwala a Postemergence herbicides amathiridwa pambuyo paphirilo. Chithunzi 2.
- Kukoka kuli ndi ndodo kapena zida zina zofananira kuti "mugwetse" phiri laling'ono lomwe lidamangidwa pobzala kuti mbeuzo ziyandikire pafupi. Munda umawerengedwa, komabe, pokhapokha ngati atagwiritsa ntchito chodalitsira cholondola chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a GPS, kulima komaliza kwa dothi sikungachitike mpakana mbatata zitayamba kuonekera pomwe mizereyo imawonekera.
- Kukoka ndi kuphika kumatha kuletsa namsongole yemwe adatulukira kale. Mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo atha kuphatikizidwa ndi ntchito yosalimba mosamala mosamala kuti asawononge mbewu kapena mphukira za mbatata pafupi.
- Komabe, monga tanenera, kulima pambuyo poti mankhwala a herbicology agwiritsidwa kale kudzasokoneza choletsa cha herbicide.
- Njira zogwiritsira ntchito herbicide itatha kuthira minda: kuyika boom ya kutsitsi kumbuyo kwa zida ndikumwaza ndikuphatikizira; Kugwiritsa ntchito opopera omwe adakonzedwa kuti ayendetsedwe m'munda wonse womwe udakhala ndi malo osungira madzi osungira koma umasunganso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogawira mankhwala a herbicide.
- Ngati mankhwala a herbicide oti agwiritsidwe ntchito ali ndi zochitika zadothi zokha, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kuchitika patangopita nthawi yochepa.
Herbicides yomwe itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Scenario 1 (kuyika pambuyo potuluka kwa mbatata)
Rimsulfuron (Matrix ndi ena)
- Kodi zowongolera zimatulutsa namsongole wosaphatikizana.
- Zabwino kwambiri ngati namsongole osakwana 1 inchi wamtali.
- Gawani ntchito ya postemergence + postemergence yololedwa.
- Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito preemergence + postemergence.
Metribuzin (mayina angapo amalonda)
- Amatha kuwongolera namsongole ndi namsongole wosalumikizana.
- Bwino kwambiri namsongole <1 inchi wamtali.
- Preemergence + postemergence split application amalembedwa.
- Ntchito zapa postemergence + postemergence zimaloledwa ku Idaho, Oregon, ndi Washington kokha.
(Dziwani: Mitundu ina ya mbatata siyitha kulekerera metribuzin.)
EPTC (Eptam)
- Simalamulira kutuluka namsongole.
- Wosasunthika kwambiri, chifukwa chake akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthiti osati mankhwala, ayenera kuphatikizidwa (sprinkler-incorporation ndiyofunika) tsiku lomwelo momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
Pendimethalin (Prowl H2O ndi ena)
- Simalamulira kutuluka namsongole.
- Kutulutsa koyambirira kwamasamba 6 inchi yakukula kwa mbatata kumaloledwa.
- Zindikirani: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka, komabe, kulima pambuyo pake kumasokoneza ma herbicide wosanjikiza ndipo namsongole amatha kutuluka.
S-metolachlor (Wapawiri Magnum)
- Simalamulira kutuluka namsongole.
- Kuphatikizira kwa Postemergence kudzera pa pivot yapakati ndikuloledwa.
- Ntchito ya Postemergence itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kale.
Malire, kusakaniza kwa s-metolachlor + metribuzin.
- Metribuzin munthawiyi amatha kuyendetsa namsongole yemwe watuluka.
- Kusakanikirana ndi akasinja ndi metribuzin yowonjezera ndikololedwa malinga ngati malire amalo ndi zilembo zikutsatiridwa.
Metolachlor (Stalwart ndi ena)
- Simalamulira kutuluka namsongole.
Udzu wa Postemergence udzu wokhawo wokhalaxydim (Poast or Poast Plus and others) and clethodim (Select and others).
- Do osati sungani mankhwalawa, mankhwala ophera udzu okha.
Chitsanzo 2
Osakoka. Ntchito yolimitsa malo osungira nthaka isanatuluke mbatata yomwe imatsatiridwa ndi kuthira mankhwala a herbicide isanatuluke mbatata. Ntchito yotsatira herbicide yotsatira itha kukhala yofunikira. (Onani Chithunzi 3.)
- Kulima kwa malo okwera m'mapiri oterewa kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse mutabzala koma mbatata isanatuluke.
- Mosasamala nthawi, "bedi loyera" limapangidwa chifukwa namsongole yemwe adatuluka amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi ntchitoyi.
- Tsopano, herbicides omwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Gawo 2.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito herbicide kuyenera kuchitika patangotsala nthawi yochepa kuti mugwire bwino ntchito.
- Phatikizani mankhwala onse ophera mafuta atatsala pang'ono kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse herbicide. Ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito nthaka, mvula kapena kuthirira madzi owaza madzi ayenera kuchitika kuti aphatikize ndikukhazikika mu nthaka yayitali yomwe inchi zake zimamera.
- Chitsanzo cha Outlook + Linex chogwiritsidwa ntchito potere chikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 4.
Ma herbicides oyambilira okha a Scenario 2
Dimethenamid-p (Chiyembekezo)
Ethalfluralin (Sonalan)
Flumioxazin (Chateau)
- Chateau iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mutabzala chifukwa nthaka yocheperako yokwana masentimita awiri yophimba mbatata ikagwiritsidwa ntchito (ndikuphatikizira) nthawi imafunika.
Fomesafen (Reflex) PA
- Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mbatata zomwe zimakula ndi kuthirira pamwamba kokha. Zongogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Idaho, Washington ndi Oregon omwe ali ndi zilembo za Special Local Needs 24 (c). Chongani dera lanu ngati mulibe malembedwe ndikulemba tsiku lotha ntchito.
Trifluralin (Treflan ndi ena)
Linuron (Linex kapena Lorox ndi mayina ena amalonda)
- Linex ili ndi zochitika zina pamsongole, komabe, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mbatata zisanatuluke kuti zisavulaze.
- Za Linex pa mbatata zomwe zimamera kumadzulo kwa Rocky Mountains: Idaho, Washington ndi Oregon pakadali pano ali ndi zilembo za Special Local Needs 24 (c). Onani madera anu kuti azitha kulemba tsiku lotha ntchito ndi zoletsa zina.
Sulfentrazone (Willowood Sulfentrazone 4SC ndi ena)
- Chenjezo: Yothamanga kwambiri m'nthaka yokhala ndi pH ya 7.5 kapena kupitilira apo kapena / kapena wowaza madzi ophatikizira ndi madzi amchere kwambiri, makamaka ngati dothi lilinso lolimba, litha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa herbicide yomwe ilipo munthaka yothetsera - zabwino kuti udzu uwonongedwe, komabe kupezeka kungayambitse kuvulala kwa mbewu. Gwiritsani ntchito mlingo wotsika kwambiri wa nthaka yanu ndi pH.
- Kusakanikirana koyambirira kwa sulfentrazone ndi metribuzin (Willowood MTZ 4SC)
Kugwiritsa ntchito herbicide yotsatila pambuyo pake kungakhale kofunikira
Chitsanzo 1 chitha kufunikira ntchito yachiwiri yoletsa herbicide. Nkhani yachiwiri itha kufunikira mankhwala owonjezera a herbicide kuphatikiza pa ntchito yoyambilira chifukwa chazitsamba zazikulu za udzu, udzu womwe umachedwa kumera, ndipo / kapena kuyeserera koyamba sikunagwire ntchito pamtundu wina wa udzu.
- Matrix ndi / kapena metribuzin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panthawiyi popeza atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi mbatata ndikukhala ndi namsongole wotuluka.
- Nthawi yokhudzana ndi kukula kwa udzu ndi kusankha kwa herbicide ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chitsanzo cha metribuzin chogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kojambulidwa mu Chithunzi 5.
Burndown herbicides for the namsongole adatulukira mbatata zisanatuluke komanso isanachitike kapena itatha kukoka ndi / kapena kubzala mgodi?
- Glyphosate, paraquat, ndi / kapena carfentrazone (Cholinga) amalembedwa mbatata.
- Khalani ndi zokolola za masamba okha (palibe zotsalira zanthaka).
- Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mbatata zisanatuluke (ngakhale isanachitike).
- Kulima pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito kuli bwino, komabe, nthawi yoyenera kuti mankhwala a herbic agwire ntchito ayenera kuchitika asanakalime.
Nthawi yoyenera hilling yothetsera namsongole
Kafukufuku waku University of Idaho awonetsa kuti udzu ukakhala wocheperako ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata imakula, kulima namsongole akakhala ochepa ndipo mbatata zimakhala 4 mpaka 6 mainchesi atha kupatsa udzu ndalama.
Komabe, kuphika mbatata zazikulu kuposa mainchesi 8 mpaka 10 kumatha kuyambitsa kudulira mizu ndikuchepetsa zokolola za tuber ndi mtundu.
Kulima kangapo kumatha kuyambitsa kukhathamira kwa nthaka, kuchepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa aeration ndi kukula kwa mbatata ndikupanga clods yomwe imaphwanya mbatata nthawi yokolola.
Kulima pambuyo poti mankhwala a herbicide agwiritsidwa kale ntchito kudzasokoneza chotchinga cha herbicide ndikubweretsa nthaka yosasamalidwa, mwinanso mbewu zina za udzu.
Kulima moyenera panthawi yake kumatha kuteteza kumera koyambirira, namsongole wapachaka wosaposa tsamba awiri kapena atatu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala <1 inchi-yayitali, panthawi yolima (Chithunzi 6 pansipa).
- Namsongole wamtali wa 3 mpaka 4-inchi nthawi zina amatha kuthetsedwa, komabe,> 4 inchi, ndiye kuti kulima sikugwira ntchito (Chithunzi 7 pansipa).
- Ngakhale kuti namsongole wamkulu amakwiriridwa ndi nthaka nthawi yolimidwa, amatha kupulumuka ndikupanganso.
- Ngati dothi lanyowa, kulima kuyenera kuchedwa kuti kusamerana kusamere ndipo namsongole sangathe "kuzula" m'nthaka yonyowayo.
- Namsongole omwe ali mumizere sangayang'anire mosungira madzi.
Chidule
Nthawi yofunika. Kuphatikiza ntchito yolimitsa moyenera nthawi yake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicide ndikofunikira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino nyengo yayitali. Kukula kwa namsongole. Njira zothandiza zotetezera namsongole ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mzere wa mbatata usanatsekedwe. Kulola namsongole kukhalabe kwa milungu itatu mbatata itatuluka kumatha kutulutsa zokolola.
- Matrix ndi metribuzin ndiwo mankhwala okhawo omwe akupha mbatata ndi khalani ndi zochitika zam'munda wamsongole wobiriwira.
- Kupanda kutero, ndi Prowl H2O (kapena 3.3EC), Eptam, Dual Magnum kapena Stalwart omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mbatata zotuluka bwino - sizipha namsongole. Malire, kusakanikirana kwa metribuzin ndi s-metolachlor kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito mbatata zitatuluka ndipo zimakhala ndi zochitika zina pamsongole.
- Kukumbukira mbatata kokha - Chateau, Linex, Outlook, Sonalan, Sulfentrazone, Treflan ndi Reflex (komwe amalembedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito).
- Mankhwala otchedwa "Burn-down" monga glyphosate, Aim, kapena paraquat amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira mbatata. Dikirani nthawi yayitali mukamaliza ntchitoyo musanalime minda iliyonse!
- Sakanizani / sinthanitsani mankhwala ochokera ku zitsamba omwe ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito ndi zosakaniza matanki kuti akwaniritse namsongole omwe amapezeka m'munda winawake.