M'tsogolomu, mbatata iyenera kutuluka kuchokera ku masamba kupita ku njira yopezera chakudya chokwanira. Poganizira za kuchepa kwa malo olimidwa mdziko muno kulima kwambiri mbatata kuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi kukula kwa zokolola. Msewu wamtsogolo wa mbatata R&D ku CPRI ukhala ukuyang'ana kwambiri kulimbikitsa zokolola za mbatata mpaka 34.51 t/ha pofika chaka cha 2050. Cholinga chachiwiri cha bungweli chikhala kupititsa patsogolo mtundu wa mbatata monga momwe amafunira makampani komanso ogula mbatata nthawi yachitukuko chachuma, mphamvu zogulira zapamwamba komanso kufunitsitsa kulipira zambiri pazomwe mukufuna. Kafukufuku wokhuza kusungika bwino kwa mbatata adzayang'aniridwa ngati chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri kuti achepetse kuwonongeka pambuyo pokolola m'zaka 40 zikubwerazi.
Njira yokwaniritsira zolinga
Kuti akwaniritse zolinga ndi kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, kutsatira njira zisanu ndi ziwiri kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mumasomphenyawo.
- Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito moyenera kwa ma genetic resources pakuwongolera mitundu
• Maonekedwe a mamolekyu ndi kakulidwe ka kusonkhanitsa kwapakati pa majeremusi.
Kuswana ndi kupititsa patsogolo chibadwa kwa mbatata
Mitundu ya Wild Solanum ndi magwero ochuluka a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovuta za biotic kapena abiotic, komanso makhalidwe ofunikira a agronomic omwe sanagwiritsidwebe ntchito. Pofuna kukulitsa chibadwa cha mbatata yolimidwa, m'pofunika mwachangu kuti mphamvu za chibadwa za mitundu yakuthengoyi zigwiritsidwe ntchito kuti ziwonjezeke kupanga mbatata kuti tithane ndi vuto lazakudya moyenera. Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ukufunika pakugwiritsa ntchito majeremusi akutchire pofuna kuteteza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zamoyo zakuthengo, mwayi wopeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yakuthengo, ntchito zamigodi yamitundu pogwiritsa ntchito zida za genomics, njira zowunikira komanso zophatikizika zowunikira, kuzindikiritsa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, chitukuko cha anthu. , ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida za mamolekyulu/ma genomics popititsa patsogolo mbatata.
Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku woswana asanayambe kuswana ku CPRI ayang'ana kwambiri pakupeza zamoyo zakuthengo kuchokera kumabanki amitundu yonse, kuwunika zamoyo zakuthengozo kuti zikhale ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yofunikira, kukulitsa masheya osankhika amtundu wa hybridization ndi 2n gametes fusion, kupanga mapu osankhidwa. Makhalidwe, kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu ndi zolembera zamamolekyulu zomwe zimatsogolera kusokoneza zotchinga za mbatata.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe ka chiwerengero cha anthu ndi kuswana kusanakhale kuphatikizirapo mitundu ina yosakanizidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito ma jini ambiri.
• Heterosis ndi mphamvu zosakanizidwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbatata ikhale yabwino.
Mbatata Yophatikiza
Ngakhale mitundu yonse ya mbatata yopangidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi ya hybrids koma hybrid vigour/heterosis siigwiritsiridwa ntchito mokwanira chifukwa mizere ya makolo siili yoweta/yoyera. Mbeu za mbatata zowona (TPS) zopangidwa pogonana zimakhala ndi lonjezo lalikulu lolima mbatata kuchokera ku mbewu za botanical m'malo mwa ma tubers. Pafupifupi ma virus onse sangathe kupatsira TPS ndi kuthawa koyenera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbeu. Limodzi mwavuto la kuswana mitundu ya mbatata yomwe imatha kufalitsidwa ndikukulitsidwa kuchokera ku mbewu yeniyeni ndi kusafanana kwa kakhalidwe kalimidwe. Chikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri cha TPS ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha heterozygous cha makolo. Mizere yoyera/mizere ya makolo olera siingathe kupangidwa mu mbatata chifukwa cha kusweka kwakukulu kwa kuswana ndi kusagwirizana. Mu mbatata yolimidwa pang'ono, jini ya self-incompatibility inhibitor (Sle) imadziwika. Jini iyi itha kusinthidwa mu mbatata yolimidwa ndi njira za CASPER-CAs zopangira makolo omwe ali ndi ma homozygous kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zosakanizidwa.
• Kukula kwa mitundu ya mbatata ndi kuchuluka kwake kwakanthawi kochepa, kukonza, kupanga wowuma, kupirira kutentha ndi chilala, kulekerera kupsinjika kwachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa michere; kharif nyengo, zotumizira, kuchulukana koyambirira, ndi kuchuluka kwa TPS.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa biotechnology pakuwongolera mbatata
- Structural genomics ndi bioinformatics popanga zolembera zolimba zamamolekyulu zamakhalidwe abwino komanso ochulukira.
- Ma genomics ogwirira ntchito potulukira ma jini a zinthu zomwe mukufuna kutsata monga kukana kwachiwawa mochedwa, kulekerera kutentha, kutentha kwambiri kwa tuberization, madzi abwinoko komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino michere.
- Proteomics ndi metabolomics pamaphunziro oyambira pa tuberization, photosynthesis, kugawa kwa ma photo-assimilates, wowuma kagayidwe, carotenoid ndi flavonoid kaphatikizidwe, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni osungira, khalidwe la processing.
- Kukula kwaukadaulo pakuphatikiza kopanda chikhomo komanso kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa ma transgenes.
- Kukula kwa mbatata ya transgenic yokhala ndi kukana bwino / kulolerana ndi kupsinjika kwa biotic/abiotic komanso kukonza zakudya komanso kukonza bwino.
3. Kulimbikitsa kupanga zobzala zabwino
- Kupititsa patsogolo & kuyimitsidwa kwa njira zotsika mtengo komanso zothandiza zofalitsa anthu ambiri - aeroponics, ukadaulo wa bio-reactor.
Oweta mbewu
Pakadali pano CPRI imapanga pafupifupi 30,000 quintals nucleus and breeder mbeu chaka chilichonse zomwe zimangokwanira kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa mbatata yathanzi mdziko muno. Komabe, poganizira kupanga matani 125 miliyoni a mbatata kuchokera pa mahekitala 3.62 miliyoni pofika mchaka cha 2050, mbewu za obereketsazi zikuoneka kuti sizikukwanira. CPRI ikufuna kutulutsa mbewu za nyukiliya ndi zobereketsa mchaka cha 2020, 2030, 2040 ndi 2050 zofanana ndi 33,000, 36,000, 39,000 ndi 42,000 maquintals motsatana. Popeza pali malo ochepa oti achulukitse mbeu za obereketsa m'mafamu a CPRI chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo owonjezera olimapo mbewu motero, mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ena aboma monga ma SAU akuwunikidwa.
• Kayendesedwe ka ma Vector ndi zotsatira zake pakukula kwa mbeu.
• Kukula kwa anthu a TPS a homozygous pogwiritsa ntchito apomixes ndi monohaploidy
4. Kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi kasamalidwe ka mbewu
- Kupanga zisankho za IT pogwiritsa ntchito njira/zida zokonzera mbewu ndi kasamalidwe ka udzu, zakudya, madzi, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga potengera kusintha kwa nyengo.
- Kukhazikika kwa matekinoloje omwe amatsogolera kuwongolera kuchotsedwa kwa kaboni komanso thanzi la nthaka.
- Kupititsa patsogolo matekinoloje opititsa patsogolo zopangira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ulimi wolondola komanso ulimi wothirira.
Micro-irrigation mu mbatata
Kuthirira pang'ono (kudontha ndi kuthirira) kumathandizira kuthira madzi pafupipafupi mkati ndi kuzungulira mizu ya mbewu. Dongosololi ndi lothandiza pakuyika feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zopangira. Mbatata imakhala ndi mizu yocheperako komanso yozama ndipo pafupifupi 70% ya madzi onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbewu kuchokera kumtunda wa 30 cm. Pamafunika 400-600 mm wa madzi ulimi wothirira kutengera nyengo, mtundu wa nthaka, kutalika kwa nyengo, nthawi zosiyanasiyana, cholinga cha mbewu ndi njira ulimi wothirira etc. The CPRI yapanga luso laling'ono ulimi wothirira ntchito mbatata mbewu. Kupyolera mu kuthirira zakudya zimayikidwa ndi ulimi wothirira (kudontha) pafupi ndi mizu ya zomera kuti zipereke chinyezi chokwanira ndi zakudya mu nthawi yonse ya kukula kwa mbewu. Kuthirira feteleza ndi njira yatsopano yomwe michere makamaka nayitrogeni imayikidwa kudzera mu sprinkler ndi foliar utsi molunjika ku masamba. ndikupulumutsa mpaka 30% pa feteleza. Ukadaulowu watengedwa ndi alimi a mbatata m'malo osiyanasiyana mdzikolo, komabe, Gujarat ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati chitsanzo chotengera njira zamakono zothirira chifukwa boma ndilomwe limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothirira pang'ono kuphatikiza mbewu ya mbatata. Chifukwa chake Gujarat ili ndi mbatata yochuluka kwambiri ku India.
5. Kuteteza mbewu ndi zachilengedwe
- Kuwerengera kusinthasintha kwa ma genome ndi mphamvu zamagulu atsopano a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Pathogenomics).
- Kukula kwa diagnostics kuti azindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda onse mu labotale & mulingo wamunda pogwiritsa ntchito ma micro-array ndi nano-technologies.
- Ecology ndi kasamalidwe ka tizilombo tothandiza kuti tipititse patsogolo kukolola kwa mbewu ndi kasamalidwe ka matenda.
Zida zonyamula zomangira
Bungweli linapanga zida zonyamulika za dipstick zowunikira ma virus akuluakulu a mbatata kutengera ma lateral flow immuno assay pa ma virus amodzi kapena ophatikiza awiri. Zidazi ndi zonyamula komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi aliyense wokhudzidwa kuphatikizapo alimi omwe ali m'munda kuti adziwe za thanzi la mbeu ya mbatata. Zidazi zidatulutsidwa ndi Hon'ble Minister of Agriculture on Foundation day of ICAR atatsimikiziridwa ku malo a AICRP (P) komanso ndi alimi omwe akupita patsogolo.
6. Kulimbikitsa kusunga mphamvu moyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata mosiyanasiyana
- Kuwongolera kwaukadaulo pakusungirako kutentha kokwezeka pazonse zomwe zili pafamu ndi kunja.
- Kupanga njira zatsopano, zopangira ndi matekinoloje ogwiritsira ntchito mbatata mosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa zakudya kuti zithandizire kukulitsa thanzi lazakudya zosinthidwa.
- Tekinoloje yotsitsa index ya glycemic.
7. Kulimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa alimi ndiukadaulo pakufalitsa ukadaulo
- Maphunziro oyerekeza a phindu laulimi ndi momwe angathandizire ku GDP ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuti apereke malingaliro abwino.
- Kufalitsa mwaukadaulo pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza koyenera kwa zida zachikhalidwe ndi zamakono.
Cutting Edge Research Themes
CPRI idzagwiritsa ntchito mitu yotsatirika yotsatizana pazantchito zake zamtsogolo za R&D.
• Kupanga mbatata zosasinthika kuti zithetse madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga. kupsyinjika kwa biotic ndi abiotic, kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe komanso kusintha kwakukulu.
Oyambirira kukhwima tsiku ndale mitundu
Kugogomezera kwamtsogolo kwa bungweli kudzakhala kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje monga ma genomics, transcriptomics ndi ma omics ena pakukula kwa mbatata. Majini ndi ma alleles amadziwika ndi tuberization ndi kukhwima, chifukwa chake, posachedwa zidzalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kupanga mitundu yomwe imakhwima m'masiku 50-60 ndipo imatha kuyikidwa muzomera zosiyanasiyana.
• Gawo lokonza: kukulitsa mitundu yoziziritsa ya tchipisi.
• Gawo la mbeu: Kupanga mbeu za mbatata kumadera omwe siachikhalidwe chawo.
• Gawo lazaumoyo: kukulitsa mbatata zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic komanso zomwe zili ndi antioxidant.
• Kuzindikiritsa majini atsopano ndi zolembera za makhalidwe ofunikira.
• Makina okolola mbatata okha kuti achepetse ntchito.
• Maphunziro a mbatata zotchedwa proteinomics ndi phenomics zokhudzana ndi tuberization.
• Mbadwo wotsatira wa molecular marker, SNP, ponena za kukana matenda ndi makhalidwe abwino, idzapangidwa ndi migodi ya allele ndi resequencing.
• Dongosolo lanzeru la bio-Risk Intelligent (kuyang'anira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo ndi machenjezo oyambilira) idzakhazikitsidwa kuti ipange chisankho mwanzeru mmadera, zigawo ndi dziko.
• ICT, GIS ndi njira zowonera patali zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kumvetsetsa ndikuchepetsa zovuta za kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kutentha kwa dziko, kuzindikira madera atsopano olima mbatata ndikukhazikitsa njira zothandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera.
Kufunika kwa CPRI pofika 2050
Mothandizidwa ndi privatization mwachangu komanso kuchotsedwa kwa mabungwe omwe amayendetsedwa ndi boma, zikuwonekeratu kuganiza ngati mabungwe aboma monga CPRI adzakhalabe oyenera ndi 2050 kapena ayi? Yankho si lophweka ndi molunjika patsogolo. Ndizowona kuti mabungwe oterowo azidalira kwambiri zinthu zomwe adzipangira okha kudzera m'magwirizano apadera, ntchito zamaupangiri ndikupereka mayankho okhazikika kuti apulumuke. CPRI yayamba kale kugulitsa matekinoloje ake monga aeroponics ndi bio feteleza (B-5) etc. Kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa bungweli kuti ayankhe mwamsanga ndikusintha momwe zinthu zilili zatsopano zimapangitsa kuti akhale woyenera kuti apulumuke ndi 2050 koma bungweli ndi akuyembekezeka kuwoneka ngati likulu lazabwino kwambiri paza R&D padziko lonse lapansi panthawiyo.
CPRI ili ndi kukonzekera kokwanira, osati kungosungabe udindo wake monga bungwe loyang'anira mbatata za R&D mdziko muno, komanso kukhala mtsogoleri wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi. Kudalira kumeneku sikungochokera m'malingaliro olakalaka, koma kutengera zida zapamwamba zapadziko lonse zomwe zidapangidwa kusukuluyi ndi ntchito yolimbika kwa zaka zingapo. Pokhala membala waku India m'mabungwe 26 apadziko lonse lapansi omwe ali m'maiko 14 ozindikira genome ya mbatata ndikusindikiza zomwe zatuluka mu buku lotsogola padziko lonse la sayansi la "Nature", CPRI yayamba kale ulendo wopita kuderali. Pofika chaka cha 2050 CPRI sikhala wothandizana nawo pazofufuza za mbatata zamitundu yonse, koma ikhala mtsogoleri wofufuza wa R&D ya mbatata yapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka madera otentha ndi madera otentha.