Zizoloŵezi zogula ogula zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi
Ulimi wamakono ukugogomezera kwambiri pakuchita bwino - kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mbewu mpaka ntchito yomwe yaperekedwa kumizere yomwe imathandizira kubweretsa chakudya kuchokera kwa wopanga kupita kwa ogula. Madzi, ndichofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chakudya, ndipo njira zoyendetsera madzi zimafunika kuthandizira kusintha kwapadziko lonse pakudya ndi njira zamadyedwe.
Nkhani yopanga zaulimi komanso kupanga chakudya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse ogwiritsa ntchito madzi ku US Madzi amathandizira kuti mbeu zikule, zikufunika pakupanga ziweto, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka, kuyeretsa, ndikusinthanso zinthu zambiri zomwe timadya ku US Madzi amagwiritsanso ntchito momwe nyengo ilili koma imakhudzidwanso ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo wopanga, kulumikizana kwa zogulitsa, komanso kufunikira kwa ogula akunja ndi akunja.
A kuphunzira kwathunthu ku University of Illinois inayang'ana pa kutaya madzi muulimi waku US ndikupanga chakudya kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2010. Choyipa chachikulu chinali kuchepa kwa kagwiritsidwe ka madzi, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zingapo.
"Pazonse, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuthirira kunatsika ndi 8.3 peresenti panthawiyi," atero a Sandy Dall'ba, katswiri wazachuma ku U of I komanso wolemba nawo kafukufukuyu.
"Komabe, munthu ayenera kuzindikira zoyendetsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu chifukwa zimasiyana ndi chinthu china, ndiye kuti njira zopulumutsira madzi za mbeu imodzi sizingakhale zofunikira kwa ina," akufotokoza Dall'erba. “Mwachitsanzo, madzi amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu monga chimanga, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zamasamba makamaka chifukwa chothirira bwino, ndalama zapakhomo za munthu aliyense, komanso kugulitsa kumakampani opanga chakudya. Ngati kuthirira kumachita bwino, kufunika kwamadzi kumachepa. Pakufuna mitengo ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba mu 2005 mpaka 2010 panthawi yamavuto azachuma, kufunika kwa madzi kunayambanso. ”
Mbewu zopangidwa ndi mafuta, mbali ina, zakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 98 peresenti pakufunidwa kwamadzi panthawiyi. Kusinthaku kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Zikutanthauza kuti makampani akunja, makamaka ku China, agula mbewu zambiri zaku US zoumba mafuta kuti akonzenso. "Pakhala kusintha kosowa kwa ogula kuchokera ku nyama yofiira kupita ku nyama yoyera ku US Anthu amadya nyama yang'ombe yocheperako komanso nkhuku zochulukirapo, zomwe zimafuna madzi ochepera katatu 3.5 pa paundi imodzi yopanga. Njira zomwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito komanso kukoma kwawo zathandiza US kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kwa ziweto ndi 14 peresenti, ”akutero a Dall'erba.
Njira zoyendetsera madzi zitha kuphatikizira zoyeserera zakulima monga kuwonjezera kukhathamira kwa ulimi wothirira, kusinthitsa mbewu, ndi kulima mbewu zosinthidwa. Njira zina zitha kuphatikizira mfundo zomwe zingakhudze momwe ogwiritsira ntchito amakhalira monga kukweza misonkho pazogulitsa madzi ndikuthandizira kupezeka kwachilengedwe, Dall'erba akuwonetsa.
Dall'baw ndi wolemba nawo Andre Avelino adasanthula kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, akuyang'ana zinthu 18 zomwe zimayendetsa madzi aku US kutulutsa mbewu zisanu ndi zitatu, magulu asanu ndi limodzi a ziweto, ndi mafakitale opanga zakudya 11. Kutengera ndi chidziwitso chochokera ku Exiobase, nkhokwe yapadziko lonse lapansi, kusanthula kwawo kunaphatikizira madzi omwe amaphatikizidwa pakupanga magawo onse azakudya zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera ku mbewu ndi ziweto mpaka kukonza chakudya - kuwonetsa kulumikizana kwa bizinesi yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa ku US zitha kudalira feteleza wopangidwa kudziko lina. Momwemonso, soya wopangidwa ku US atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza chakudya ku China, kapena kudyetsa ziweto ku Europe. Nkhondo yamalonda yaku US-China iyenera kukhudza kulumikizana kwa maukondewa, popeza kulowetsa kwa mbewu zaku China ku South America ndi Europe. US idatumiza soya wochepa ndi nkhumba ku China pazaka ziwiri zapitazi; chifukwa chake, madzi ochepa adalowetsedwa muzogulitsa kunja. Komabe, zaka zingapo zikubwerazi motsogozedwa ndi oyang'anira atsopano aku US atha kuwona kusintha kwamaubwenzi awa, zolemba za Dall'erba.