Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda todziwika bwino ta Phytophthora infestans tidayambitsa njala ku Ireland ndi madera ena akumadzulo kwa Europe m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo akupitilizabe kuwopseza kupanga kwathu chakudya padziko lonse lapansi.
Kwa nthawi yayitali sizimadziwika kuti chamoyo chaching'ono kwambiri ichi ndi zina za Phytophthora zimadutsa bwanji poteteza kunja kwa masamba a mbewu zaulimi. Odwala matenda obzala mbewu, akatswiri a zamoyo zam'maselo ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ochokera ku Wageningen University & Research tsopano apeza yankho la funsoli mogwirizana. Kupeza kwawo kumapereka poyambira popanga kuwongolera kwa Phytophthora kukhala kogwira ntchito, kogwira ntchito bwino komanso kosatha m'kupita kwanthawi. Kafukufukuyu adafalitsidwa mu Nature Microbiology.
Zomera zimayang'aniridwa mosalekeza ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ambiri mwa owukirawa, omwe ali ndi dzina lovuta Phytophthora (kwenikweni: wowononga mbewu), chaka chilichonse amawononga kwambiri mbewu zamtundu uliwonse monga mbatata, tomato, aubergines, koko, tsabola, soya, ndi migwalangwa, komanso m'nkhalango ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe. Phytophthora Chifukwa chake sichingowopseza chakudya chathu chokha, komanso ndichinthu chachikulu chachuma chomwe chimayambitsa ma euro pafupifupi 6-7 biliyoni pakuwonongeka kwa chaka chilichonse pakulima mbatata kokha.
Mkanganowo Phytophthora imakhalabe yovuta, mwinanso chifukwa tizilomboti ndi zomwe tikulimbana nazo zikuchita nawo mpikisano wothamangitsa mikono. Pofuna kuti tisamadalire kwambiri chitetezo cha mbewu, zambiri zikuyendetsedwa kuti pakhale mbewu zosagonjetsedwa kudzera kubzala mbewu ndipo chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa ku mitundu yatsopano yolimidwa yosakanikirana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amagetsi
Tsopano kuthekera kwina kumadziwonetsera; kupewa Phytophthora kuchokera kupeza mwayi wa mbewu konse. Zomera zimakhala ndi zotchingira zomwe zimayang'ana akuba monga Phytophthora kuthamangitsa. Komabe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono (osakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi lakumera kwa tsitsi la munthu) timatha kupyola gawo lino ndikuyambitsa matendawa muzomera. Ngakhale adachita kafukufuku kwazaka zambiri, sizinadziwikebe momwe amapyola mosanjikiza.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, abzala ma pathologist ndi ma cell biologist ochokera ku WUR adalumikizana ndi akatswiri amisili ochokera ku WUR. Amachita bwino pamakina, nthambi ya fizikiya yomwe imagwira ntchito molingana ndi kayendedwe ka zinthu mothandizidwa ndi magulu ankhondo. Kuphatikiza pa chidziwitso chawo chonse ndikupanga pamodzi zida zofufuzira, mwambiwo ukhoza kuthetsedwa.
Mpeni wofiira
“Tazindikira kuti Phytophthora akhoza gwirani ntchito mochenjera kuti muchepetse kapangidwe kake kamatenda ndikudula pamwamba pa chomeracho ngati mpeni wakuthwa. Ndi njirayi, Phytophthora itha kupatsira wolandirayo popanda nkhanza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Aka ndi koyamba kuti makinawa adziwike ndikuwunika kwenikweni, ”akutero Joris Sprakel , Pulofesa wa Physical Chemistry ndi Soft Matter.
Chitetezo chothandiza kwambiri komanso cholimba
Pulofesa wa Phytopathology Francine Govers amawona malo ambiri oyambira kuti azilamulira Phytophthora zothandiza kwambiri, zothandiza komanso zosasunthika pakapita nthawi, popanda okayikira wamba umagwirira ndi kubzala mbewu zomwe zikukhudzidwa. “Malamulo amakaniko amatiuza kuti Phytophthora sichingaloŵe m'zomera popanda kudziphatika mwamphamvu kumtunda kwa tsamba. ” Poyesa lingaliro ili, monga chitsimikizo choyamba chotheka, ofufuzawo adapopera masamba a mbatata ndi chinthu chopanda poizoni komanso chotchipa chomwe chimachotsa mphamvu yomata ya masambawo. Izi zidalola kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda kuchepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 65%. Poyesedwa bwino pamiyeso yokumba, zotsatira zake zidafikira 100%.
Mayeso achangu
Kuphatikiza pakuyambitsa kwakukulu ndi zida zatsopano zowunikira kuwongolera kwamatenda amtunduwu kuchokera pamalingaliro atsopano, kafukufukuyu waperekanso njira zatsopano, zoyeserera mwachangu, zomwe zotsatira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zitha kufufuzidwa mu njira yachangu, yolondola komanso yotsika mtengo. Izi zitha kuthandizanso pakulimbana ndi matenda azomera.
Govers: “Tithokoze kutenga nawo mbali kwa Joris Sprakel ndi gulu lake, kuphatikiza wophunzira wa PhD Jochem Bronkhorst , tikudziwa tsopano kuti pali mfundo zingapo zofunikira zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano watsopano pakati pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zomera. Pazonse, kafukufukuyu ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe mgwirizano wopitilira muyeso ungayambitse zatsopano. "