Source: Dziko la Mbewu
Zikafika pazatsopano mu gawo la mbatata, mbewu zenizeni za mbatata zimabwera m'maganizo. Mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zatsopano kwa alimi, ndipo ngakhale tsogolo lawo lingakhale lotalikirapo, likhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu.
A Helen Tai, wasayansi wofufuza za genetics ndi genomics wa mbatata, akutero Helen Tai. Agriculture ndi Agri Food Canada. "Tuber ndi zomera zomwe zimachokera ku tuber ndizofanana mwachibadwa."
Kupanga kotereku kumatchedwa clonal propagation, koma gawo lofunikira lomwe muyenera kuzindikira? Chomera chimenecho chimatulutsanso maluwa, amene mungu wawo ukakhala, umabala zipatso zotchedwa mipira yambewu. Iye anati: “M’kati mwa timipira timeneti muli njere ting’onoting’ono mazanamazana zimene zingafesedwe m’nthaka kuti zimere mbewu ina. "Umu ndi momwe mbatata imafalikira yokha."
Mbeu zomwe zili mumipira ya mbeu ndi kumene mbewu yeniyeni ya mbatata imachokera ndipo ndi njira ina yoberekera ku mbewu za mbatata. Tai akuti izi sizatsopano, chifukwa anthu aku Andes ku South America alima mbatata kuchokera ku mbewu yeniyeni ya mbatata ndi ma tubers kwazaka masauzande. Iye anati: “Zimakhala ngati kuti zakale ndi zatsopano.
Koma chinsinsi chachikulu ndi momwe mbewu zenizeni za mbatata zingakhudzire kupanga chakudya padziko lonse lapansi kuti chikhale bwino. “Mbeu zenizeni za mbatata zitha kukhudza kwambiri chakudya padziko lonse lapansi,” akutero Charles Miller, mkulu Sinthani. "Malo odziwikiratu komanso akulu kwambiri omwe angakhudzidwe ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zinthu komanso makulitsidwe."
Magilamu makumi awiri ndi asanu a mbeu ya mbatata yowona amatha kulowa m'malo matani awiri ndi theka a ma tubers, omwe amafunikira kubzala hekitala imodzi ya mbatata, malinga ndi Miller. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mayendedwe ndi kusungirako, ndipo kuchepetsako kumatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya padziko lapansi. “Timbewu ting’onoting’ono timeneti tingasungidwe ndi kutumizidwa mosavuta,” iye akutero. Kenako, mlimi akhoza kusunga mbewuzo kwa zaka zambiri monga momwe masamba amasungira. Mbeu za mbatata zowona zimachepetsa mutu wonse womwe umabwera limodzi ndi kutumiza ma tubers achikhalidwe. ”
Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa ndi zovuta za phytosanitary ndi kutumiza mbewu za mbatata ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa ma tubers otumiza. "Pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timapatsirana ndi mbewu yeniyeni ya mbatata, ndipo ndi mbatata ya spindle tuber viroid," akutero Tai. "Matenda ambewu omwe timawaganizira amakhala okhudzana ndi tuber. Ndipo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mbewu ya mbatata, mupewe matenda ena a tuber.
Komabe, chenjezo la Tai ali nalo: mukapita kukagulitsa mbewu zenizeni za mbatata, mutha kudwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha mbewu. "Matenda ena opangidwa ndi mbewu mu phwetekere, mwachitsanzo - amodzi mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kutenga njira yopita ku mbatata," akutero, ndikuwonjezera kuti izi sizinthu zodziwikiratu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukulitsa zinthu zatsopano kumachitika mwachangu. "Titha kuchoka pambewu imodzi pamalonda asanayambe malonda mpaka kufika pakupanga malonda m'miyezi 18 - msika wamba ukhoza kutenga zaka," akutero Miller. Pankhani yopanga, Miller sakuganiza kuti pakhala kukonzanso kwathunthu kutali ndi ma tubers. "Zowonadi, kusintha kuchokera ku tubers kupita ku njere zazing'onozi kudzakhudza - kutanthauza makina osiyanasiyana, kulima, mumatchula," akutero. "Zowona zake ndizakuti pakanthawi kochepa, tiwona alimi achindunji akusintha pakabwera mbewu zenizeni za mbatata."
Kutanthauza kuti, kumayambiriro kwa njere za mbatata zowona, Miller akukhulupirira kuti muyamba kuwona chibadwa chatsopano: mwina mitundu yolimbana ndi choyipitsa mochedwa kapena mitundu ya wowuma. Alimi apadera a tuber amabzala mbande zenizeni za mbatata pafamu yawo, kuzitengera kuti zikule ndikukolola mbande za G1. Ma tubers atumizidwa munjira yopangira mbatata yomwe idzakhale nayo lero. Ubwino wake? Kupatsa alimi kwambiri kale m'badwo mbewu tuber.
"Popatsa alimi tuber ya mbadwo wakale, mwachidziwitso, iwo adzakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za majini," akutero Miller. “Zaka khumi zapitazo, kabichi wambiri adabzalidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo masiku ano, ambiri mwa iwo amafesedwa mwachindunji. Sichinthu chimene sitinachionepo, ndipo alimi akaona ubwino wake, amafulumira kuona.” Pomaliza: kodi mbeu ya mbatata idzakhala ndi tsogolo lowala?
"Ndikuganiza kuti pali tsogolo labwino kwambiri," akutero Tai. "Pali kuthekera kopanga zatsopano pamakampani a mbatata kudzera mu kuswana kwa diploid ndi mbewu yeniyeni ya mbatata. Kwa US ndi Canada, palinso mwayi wowona kusintha kwa majini ndi kulima kumadera akutali. Zowonadi, ndikuganiza kuti zikutanthauza kusiyanasiyana kwamakampani opanga mbatata, zomwe zipatsa alimi zosankha zambiri. ”