Akatswiri ochokera ku Institute for Agricultural Research ku Higher School of Economics adatchula madera olimbikitsa chitukuko cha umisiri waulimi ku Russia. Kusintha kwa digito ndikusintha kwamaloboti kudzasintha momwe amagwirira ntchito, kuchepetsa kudalira anthu omwe ali ndi luso lochepa, mbali imodzi, ndikuyika zofuna zapamwamba komanso zosinthika mwachangu pamaluso ofunikira, kumbali ina. Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa mu Russian Journal of Economics.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ulimi wakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo omwe akukula kwambiri pazachuma cha Russia.
www.hse.ruPhoto: www.hse.ru
Malinga ndi Federal Center Agroexport, kutumizidwa kunja kwa zinthu zaulimi ku Russia mu 2021 kudakwera ndi 21%, mpaka $ 37.1 biliyoni, poyerekeza ndi chaka chapitacho. M’chakachi, dziko la Russia linapereka matani oposa 71 miliyoni a chakudya ndi zinthu zaulimi kumisika yakunja. Kupanga kwazinthu zamtundu uliwonse kumawonetsa mbiri yakale. Dzikoli lasintha kuchoka pakukhala wobwereketsa wokhazikika wa zakudya zoyambira kumayiko ena kupita kugulu lodziwika bwino pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kukula kwa gawo laulimi kudathandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulira komanso kuwongolera kasamalidwe kabwino. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiletso cha chakudya ndi njira yotsatila yolowa m'malo mwazinthu zinalola luso laukadaulo kulowa m'makampani. Komabe, masiku ano zinthu zakukula izi zatopa okha, ndipo kusiyana kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu zatsopano, osati poyerekeza ndi mayiko otsogola, komanso ponena za zizindikiro za kupanga mafakitale, kumakhalabe.
Ofufuza a bungwe lofufuza zaulimi la HSE Institute for Agricultural Research anafufuza zimene zikuchitika padziko lonse pa nkhani ya luso lazopangapanga.
Kenako ofufuzawo adachita kafukufuku wa akatswiri pakati pa oimira mabungwe akulu akulu aku Russia kuti amvetsetse ngati amagulitsa zinthu zatsopano, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi ati ndi momwe angachitire m'tsogolomu. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa akatswiri zinasonyeza chidwi chachikulu cha bizinesi m'madera atsopano komanso chidziwitso chapamwamba cha zochitika zamakono zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Chikoka champhamvu pakukula kwa agro-industrial complex m'zaka zikubwerazi chidzaperekedwa ndi:
- Zamakono zamakono. Digitalization ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa intaneti ya zinthu (kuphatikiza gawo lofananira m'munsi mwa masensa, masensa, ndi zina zotero) zidzakhudza kwambiri njira zakusintha kwamakampani zaka 3-5 zikubwerazi. M'tsogolomu, komabe, ndi kufalikira kwa matekinoloje oterowo, chikoka chawo chidzachepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo chidzalunjikitsidwa makamaka pakukonza mayankho omwe adapangidwa kale ndikupanga ziwembu zatsopano potengera iwo.
- Agrobiotechnologies. Pakati pa umisiri wofunikira kwambiri, akatswiri amasankha kusankha mitundu, sayansi yatsopano yoteteza zomera ndi thanzi la zinyama, ndi chitukuko cha biology yopangira.
- Maloboti ndi zida zamagetsi. Zosankha zoterezi zayamba kale kusintha makampani, ndipo zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyi (mpaka zaka 5) zidzakhala kufalikira kwa magalimoto oyendetsa ndege osayendetsedwa, makina oyendetsera makina, ndi zigawo zina, zida za robotic. M'kupita kwa nthawi (zaka zoposa 5), malinga ndi akatswiri, teknoloji mu makampani idzasintha kwambiri. Madongosolo owonjezereka odzilamulira okha, zida zolemetsa zopanda munthu, ndi magwero atsopano a mphamvu zidzayambitsidwa.
- Kusintha kwa zakudya zatsopano. M'kupita kwa nthawi (zaka zoposa 5), akatswiri angapo akuyembekeza kusintha kwakukulu mumakampani okhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa njira zamakono zopezera zinthu zachikhalidwe, chakudya ndi chakudya. Uku ndikuwopseza kopanda malire kwa mafakitale a mbewu ndi ziweto.
- Kuyambitsa njira zatsopano zaulimi (mafamu oyimirira, minda yamachidebe, ndi zina). Malinga ndi akatswiri, m'zaka zikubwerazi zidzabwezeretsedwa ndi ndalama zambiri zamphamvu. Komabe, m'tsogolomu, pamene zotchinga izi zikugonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndi njira zamakono zopulumutsira mphamvu, zitsanzo zoterezi zingasinthe kwambiri makampani olima masamba.
Zokhudza matekinoloje ofunikira ndi zomwe zikuchitika.
Ngakhale kukula kwa ntchito zatsopano za opanga m'nyumba, Russian agro-industrial complex ndi yotsika kwambiri mu chizindikiro ichi osati ku mayiko otsogola okha, komanso zizindikiro za kupanga mafakitale ku Russian Federation. Ndalama zoyendetsera kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, ndipo, motero, kufunikira kwawo pamtengo wamtengo wapatali kumakhalabe pamlingo wochepa kwambiri.
Pakalipano, mapangidwe a zatsopano akusintha bwino. Opanga akuchulukirachulukira kubweretsa zinthu zatsopano pamsika. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa akatswiri a oimira gawo lenileni akuwonetsa chidwi chachikulu pakusintha kupita ku gawo latsopano laukadaulo, kufunitsitsa kuyikapo ndalama pazatsopano ndikupanga mgwirizano wapagulu ndi wabizinesi mu sayansi ndi luso.
Komabe, chidwi ichi chimayang'ana kwambiri pa chitsanzo chogwira ntchito.