Kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa mu Plant Pathology amadziwika kwa nthawi yoyamba mitundu ya P. infestans, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka mochedwa kumadera omwe amalima mbatata ku Java, Indonesia.
Matenda a mbatata mochedwa akuti ndi omwe adayambitsa njala yayikulu yaku Ireland ya 1845. Amatchedwa matenda oyipitsitsa kwambiri pa mbatata. Alimi akuyembekeza mayankho ogwira mtima komanso olimba a nthawi yayitali pomwe ofufuza akupitiliza kuphunzira ndikumvetsetsa Phytophthora infestans, tizilombo ngati bowa tomwe timayambitsa matendawa.
Phunziro latsopano, Genotypic ndi phenotypic mawonekedwe a Phytophthora infestans okhala ku Java, Indonesia, lofalitsidwa mu Plant Pathology limazindikiritsa kwa nthawi yoyamba ma genotypes, kapena mitundu ya P. operewera, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lochedwa kumadera omwe amalima mbatata kwambiri pachilumba cha Java ku Indonesia ndipo chachiwiri, amawunika kusiyanasiyana kwa majini P. operewera anthu m'madera amenewo.
“Ofufuza akugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje oswana kuti apange njira zothetsera vutoli P. operewera. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa za majeremusi ndi mitundu ya genotypic ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi momwe amasinthira ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukwanitsa kulimbana ndi matendawa mpaka kalekale, ”akutero Dr. Phillip Wharton, Pulofesa Wothandizira ku College of Agriculture and Life Science ku University of Idaho ndi wolemba wotsogolera.
Ofufuza aku US aku University of Idaho, University of Minnesota, ndi Michigan State University adagwirizana ndi anzawo ku Indonesia Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) kuti atolere ndikuphunzira P. operewera zitsanzo pazaka zinayi (2016-19) kuchokera m'malo 15 m'malo opezekanso asanu ndi anayi ku Java, Indonesia. Kufufuza kwa microsatellite kunavumbula kuti kufalikira koopsa kwa zipolowezi kunayambitsidwa ndi EU_2_A1, mtundu waku Europe, ndi mitundu ina yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi EU_2_A1 koma yapadera ku Indonesia.
Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti genotype yoyambirira yomwe idayambitsidwa ku Indonesia mwina ndi EU_2_A1 ndikuti pali kusintha kwakanthawi mwa anthuwa chifukwa chakuchuluka kwamasinthidwe osakakamizidwa ndi omwe angatengeke ndi mbatata zomwe zikukula ku Indonesia.
Gulu lofufuzira ndi gawo la Dyetsani Zamtsogolo Biotechnology Mbatata Mgwirizano (BPP). Wotsogozedwa ndi Michigan State University, ntchitoyi ikufuna kubweretsa mbatata zosagwira mochedwa kwa mbatata kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono ku Bangladesh ndi Indonesia.
Kukula kwa mbatata yosinthidwa ndi njira zingapo zomwe majini amafotokozedwera mu genome yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata. Mafotokozedwe amtundu wa jini (ch) mu chomeracho amatha kusintha momwe mbewuyo imayankhira pamavuto monga matenda opatsirana. Pulojekitiyi, majini atatu ochokera ku mbatata zamtchire zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimapangitsa kuti matendawa asatengeke mochedwa amalowetsedwa mwa alimi ndi mitundu yomwe amakonda. Zotsatira zake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata yomwe imakhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika cha matenda.
Ubwino wa mbatata yolimbana ndi choipitsa mochedwa umaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa kupezeka kwa mankhwala a fungicides. Wharton akuyerekezera kuti kupopera mankhwala a fungicide kwamankhwala komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa vuto lakumapeto kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 90%. "Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri alimi ndi mabanja awo kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mankhwala opanga omwe nthawi zambiri amathiridwa sabata sabata yonse ikukula ndipo nthawi zambiri opanda zida zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zimasiya zotsalira pa iwo okha, m'nthaka ndi mbatata," akufotokoza a Wharton. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera fungayi sikungapangitse kuti alimi, ogula ndi chilengedwe azipeza mankhwala ambiri. ”
Kuthetsa vuto lakumapeto kwa chiwonongeko kungayambitsenso kuchepa kocheperako pambuyo pa zokolola ndikuwonjezeka kwa zokolola. Zotsatira zoyambirira zamayendedwe am'munda wokhala ndi mbatata zitatu zosagonjetsedwa ndi mbewa ku Indonesia zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kuti pali kulumikizana pakati pakupezeka kwa matendawa ndi zokolola zambiri.
"Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wambiri akuyenera kuchitidwa, zisonyezero zoyambirira ndikuti mbatata yolimbana ndi vuto loyipitsa ingathandizenso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukolola zokolola zambiri," akutero a Wharton. Ndi chiyembekezero cha padziko lonse lapansi chopitilira 2050 biliyoni pofika XNUMX komanso pakamwa pakudya zambiri, iyi ndi nkhani yabwino.
Wharton ndi gulu la Biotechnology Potato Partnerhip, omwe amutcha dzina osaka nyama mochedwa, achita chimodzimodzi P. operewera Kafukufuku ku Bangladesh konse, akuwunikira magawo ena a ntchitoyi. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuyembekezeka kufalitsidwa posachedwa.