Kuposa tonsefe, olima mbatata akhoza kukhululukidwa chifukwa chofuna kuyika 2020 pakalilole wowonera kumbuyo. Kuchokera pamagulu oletsedwa mpaka pakukonza kutsekedwa kwa mbewu, mliriwu udakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake zonse - komanso udathandizanso kupititsa patsogolo ndikukokomeza zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pakasinthidwe, kuyeserera, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa njira yothirira.
Nazi njira zitatu zofotokozera zamakampani a mbatata mu 2020.
1. Makamaka mbatata, COVID-19 inafesa chisokonezo
Kuposa mbewu zina zamalonda, msika wa mbatata udasokonekera kuposa kale lonse chifukwa cha mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi. Zofuna zodyera zidatsika 30% chifukwa chalamulo zakunyumba, pomwe kufunikira kwa ogulitsa kudakwera pomwe ogula akuphika kunyumba.
Ngakhale misika iyi idakhudza gawo lonse laulimi, mbatata - zomwe zimabzalidwa ndi matenthedwe atsopano kapena achisanu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'maganizo, ndipo sizingakhalebe zosungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ngati zinthu zina - zinali zovuta kwambiri. Olima adakhudzidwanso chifukwa chatsekedwa ndikuchedwa pokonza mbewu, zina zomwe zimatseka kapena kuchedwetsa kupanga kwa milungu ingapo kuti ayeretse kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa njira zachitetezo kuti ateteze ogwira ntchito.
Andy Robinson, yemwe ndi a "Chaka chodzala cha 2020 isanachitike, ambiri opanga ma processor ndi ogulitsa adadula mwachangu maekala omwe agwidwa ndi mbatata zaku France ndi 10-20%." Nyuzipepala ya North Dakota State University katswiri wazamalonda. "Njira yothetsera vutoli inali kudzala maekala mbatata kuzomera zina, zomwe zinatanthauza kuyang'anitsitsa mtengo wolowa ndi zosintha nthaka zomwe zikufunika pa mbewu ina monga chimanga kapena tirigu."
2. Kusintha ndikulimba mtima kudalandiridwa
M'malo oterewa, olima omwe amasinthasintha mbewu mosiyanasiyana komanso oyeserera adapeza kuti sizivuta kusintha, atero a Micheal Dunn, katswiri wodziwa zakutali Anez kufunsira ku Minnesota. Anawona mtundu ukutuluka kuzikhalidwe zosakhazikika za 2020: alimi akupeza njira zosinthira amakonda kukhala omwe anali akuyesa kale njira zatsopano ndi matekinoloje, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nayitrogeni, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi njira zothirira.
“Alimi omwe akupita patsogolowo saopa kulephera, ngati angaphunzire china chake ndikuwongolera. Alimi omwe akhazikika m'njira zawo, ndipo sawona phindu pakusintha chilichonse, ndi omwe amavutika kwambiri mzaka zovuta, ”akutero.
Makasitomala mmodzi makamaka amadziwika ndi Dunn. M'chaka china pomwe ena angalepheretse kutchova juga, wolima mbatata uyu adayesera kubzala nandolo zokoma pomanga koyamba - ndipo adapeza zokolola 20% kuposa momwe amayembekezera, pomwe anali ndi ndalama zochepa zolowetsa kuposa chimanga chomwe chikadakhala kasinthasintha.
Robinson ali ndi nkhani yake ya a mlimi amakula bwino munthawi yovuta-Nthawi ino kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti mugubuduke ndi nkhonya.
"Olima m'modzi adadula mgwirizano wawo wa maekala mbatata ndi 20%, chifukwa chake adaganiza zopita kukabzala tirigu," Itayamba kukula, ma processor adabweranso ndikufuna maekala amenewo mbatata. Chifukwa mbewu za mbatata ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa tirigu, sizinathandize kuti alowe ndikupha tirigu, ndikubzala maekala awo ku mbatata. "
3. Njira yothirira idakulirakulira
M'madera ambiri mdzikolo, zaka ziwiri zapitazi sizikanakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa chinyezi nthawi yokula. Pomwe chaka chonyowa cha 2019 sichimafunikira kwambiri njira zothirira, 2020 idawona mvula yocheperako komanso kufunika kofunikira kwamadzi oyambira nyengo yokonzekera nthaka, kuthandiza mbewu zazing'ono kukula, kupewa tizilombo ta nkhanambo.
"Popanda kuthirira, chaka chouma ngati 2020 chikadakhala ndi theka la zokolola, ndipo nkhanayi ikadawononga mbatata zambiri," akutero Dunn. “Kuthirira kunali kofunikira komanso kofunika kuyika pakukula kwakukula kwa mbatata.”
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka ndi nthaka m'madela ambiri olimapo mbatata-komanso kupitilira kwaukadaulo-2020 idapangitsa chidwi cha olima pamiyeso yosinthira pang'onopang'ono koma motsimikizika ikukwera. Njira ya VRA imalima olima mbatata kuti akwaniritse zosowa za ulimi wothirira m'malo amtundu wouma pomwe amapewa malo othiramo madzi omwe sawasowa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa kutaya zipatso kuti zithe kuwola ndikusunga kufanana.
"Tikuwona kuchuluka kwa mitengo yosinthira (VRA) ikuchitika ndi zikuluzikulu zapakati, ndipo ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono pamaekala ambiri," akutero a Robinson. "Popeza alimi ambiri atha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulowu, tiyenera kuwona zokolola zambiri."
Kuti izi zitheke, opanga zida zothirira mu 2020 adapita patsogolo pazinthu zomwe zimapereka zowongolera zowongolera pazosintha za pivot, chifukwa chake madzi ndi michere yobereka. Izi zimapereka mwayi wopepuka womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsitsa kutentha kwa mbewuzo, kuthira mankhwala, ndikuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka.
Pamodzi ndi madera olondola a VRA-monga omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku data zakuthambo mwa Kujambula kwa Ceres-Zida zothirira zambiri zimapanga mipata yowonjezerapo njira zolondola zofananira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri mu mbatata kuposa mbewu zina. Pomwe alimi amafunafuna mipata yolimbikitsira phindu ndikulimba mtima, yang'anani ndalama zochulukirapo pazida zothirira ulimi chaka chamawa.