Phosphorus m'nthaka ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chofunikira pakudya zakudya. Amachita nawo njira zamagetsi monga photosynthesis, kusamutsa mphamvu komanso kaphatikizidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.
Phosphorus imapezeka m'nthaka yazinthu zopangidwa ndi organic komanso mchere. Komabe, phosphorous yopezeka mosavuta ndiyotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi phosphorous yonse m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri feteleza wa phosphorous amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za mbewu.
ZOCHITIKA ZA PHOSPHORUS M'DONGO
Phosphorus imapezeka m'nthaka momwemo komanso un-organic (mchere) ndipo kusungunuka kwake m'nthaka kumakhala kotsika. Pali kufanana pakati pa phosphorous yolimba m'nthaka ndi phosphorous m'nthaka. Zomera zimangotenga phosphorous yosungunuka m'nthaka, ndipo popeza dothi lalikulu la phosphorous limapezeka m'makina osakanikirana, ndi phosphorous yochepa yomwe imapezeka nthawi zonse.
Mizu ya mbewu ikachotsa phosphorous m'nthaka, ina ya phosphorous yomwe imalowetsedwa m'gawo lolimba imatulutsidwa munthaka kuti pakhale kufanana. Mitundu ya phosphorous yomwe imapezeka m'nthaka imadalira nthaka pH komanso mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere m'nthaka. Mankhwala amchere a phosphorous nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi aluminium, iron, manganese ndi calcium.
Mu dothi la acidic phosphorous limakonda kuchita ndi aluminium, iron ndi manganese, pomwe mu dothi lamchere vuto lokhala ndi calcium. Mtundu woyenera wa pH wopezeka kwambiri wa phosphorous ndi 6.0-7.0. Mu dothi lambiri kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zotsalira za mbewu kumathandizira kuti phosphorous ikupezeka m'nthaka.
PHOSPHORUS WOTENGEDWA NDI MBEWU
Zomera zimatenga phosphorous panthaka monga orthophosphate ion: kaya HPO4-2 kapena H2PO4-. Gawo lomwe mitundu iwiriyi imalowerera limatsimikiziridwa ndi nthaka pH, pomwe nthaka yayitali pH yambiri ya HPO4-2 imatengedwa. Phosphorous yosunthika m'nthaka ndi yocheperako, chifukwa chake, mizu yazomera imatha kutenga phosphorous pokhapokha pamalo ozungulira.
Popeza kuti phosphorous m'nthaka yothetsera vutoli ndi yochepa, mbewu zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mphamvu yolimbana ndi ma gradient (mwachitsanzo, phosphorous yampamwamba ndi mizu yambiri poyerekeza ndi yankho la nthaka). Kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndi njira yowonongera mphamvu, chifukwa chake zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa mizu, monga kutentha pang'ono, madzi ochulukirapo, zina, zimalepheretsa kutenga phosphorous.
PHOSPHORUS MNTHAWI YACHIKHALIDWE
Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa phosphorous zimaphatikizira kukula kwakanthawi ndi mtundu wakuda wofiirira wamasamba akale, kuletsa maluwa ndi kukula kwa mizu. M'mazomera ambiri zizindikirazo zimawonekera pomwe phosphorous m'masamba mwake ili pansipa 0.2%.
PHOSPHORUS KWAMBIRI
Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous kumalepheretsa kutenga zinthu zina, monga chitsulo, manganese ndi zinc. Kuchulukitsa feteleza ndi phosphorous kumakhala kofala ndipo olima ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wochuluka mosafunikira, makamaka ngati feteleza wa NPK agwiritsidwa ntchito kapena madzi akuthirira akamwa acidified pogwiritsa ntchito phosphoric acid.
PHOSPHORUS MU ZOTHANDIZA ZOTHANDIZA NDI MALO OGULITSIRA
Phosphorous yovomerezeka mu njira zopangira michere ndi 30-50 ppm, ngakhale zidapezeka kuti zitha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 10-20 ppm. Mu mayankho a michere omwe amayenda mosalekeza ndende imatha kutsika 1-2 ppm.
M'mafilimu opanda nthaka, monga dothi, phosphorous imaphatikizana ndi phosphorous iliyonse, ndipo mchere wa phosphorous ndi calcium kapena magnesium umayamba kutuluka. Mitundu ya mchere yomwe imapangidwa imadalira pH yawailesi.
KUYESERA PHOSPHORUS ALI MU ZOCHITIKA
Mulingo woyeserera dothi la phosphorus umapereka mulingo woti nthaka ingathe kupereka phosphorous ku yothira nthaka. Kuyesedwa kwa nthaka sikuyeza phosphorous yonse m'nthaka, chifukwa phosphorous yomwe ilipo ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi yonseyo. Siziyeza phosphorous m'nthaka, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa phosphorous m'nthaka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika kwambiri ndipo sikuyimira moyenera kuchuluka kwa phosphorous yomwe zomera zimatha kuyamwa panthawi yokula.
Kuyesedwa kwa nthaka ya phosphorus ndi index yomwe imathandizira kuneneratu zofunikira za feteleza pa mbeu. Malangizo pothira feteleza amatsimikiziridwa potengera mayeso am'minda yambiri m'nthaka ndi mbewu zambiri. Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera zimabweretsa zosiyana, zomwe zimayenera kutanthauziridwa moyenera. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za 25 ppm phosphorus yomwe imapezeka ndi njira yoyesera "Olsen", itha kukhala ndi matanthauzidwe osiyana ndi zomwe zimapezeka ndi njira yoyesera "Bray".
Koma chisokonezo sichimathera apa - ma lab osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira yoyerekeza amatha kuzindikira matanthauzidwe amitundu yomweyo. Kutenga nyemba moyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale zotsatira zomwe zikuyimira mulingo wa phosphorous yomwe ilipo. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kuzama kwa zitsanzo za nthaka Popeza phosphorous siyiyenda m'nthaka, zitsanzo zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kumtunda nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa phosphorous kuposa zitsanzo zomwe zimatengedwa ku dothi laling'ono.
- Njira zogwiritsira ntchito feteleza - Phosphorous yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka imakhala mkati mwa mainchesi 1 kapena 2 kuchokera pomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, malo enieni omwe zitsanzo zimatengedwa zingakhudze zotsatira zake.