Nayitrojeni ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa zomera, ndipo kasamalidwe kake kabwino ndi kofunikira kuti tichulukitse zokolola komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana zaposachedwa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni paulimi, tiwona njira zatsopano zoyendetsera nayitrogeni, ndikuwona zotsatira za kasamalidwe ka nayitrogeni paumoyo wanthaka, mtundu wamadzi, ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Nayitrogeni ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe mbewu zimafunikira kuti zikule komanso kukula. Komabe, kupezeka kwake m’nthaka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zochepa. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, alimi nthawi zambiri amathira feteleza wa nayitrogeni m’nthaka. Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni padziko lonse lapansi kwakwera ndi 60% mzaka 20 zapitazi, kufikira matani 118.5 miliyoni mu 2020.
Ngakhale kuti feteleza wa nayitrogeni athandiza kukulitsa kukolola kwa mbewu, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni wochuluka akhoza kulowa m’madzi apansi ndi pamwamba pa madzi, kuchititsa kuti ndere, kuphukira kwa ndere zowononga, ndikupha nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza wa nayitrogeni angapangitse mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, monga nitrous oxide, womwe ndi mpweya wamphamvu wotenthetsa dziko lapansi womwe ungakhalebe mumlengalenga kwa zaka 120.
Kuti athane ndi zovuta zachilengedwezi, asayansi, akatswiri azalimi, ndi alimi akufufuza njira zatsopano zoyendetsera nayitrogeni zomwe zingathandize kuti zokolola za mbewu zikhale bwino komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa nayitrogeni ku chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, njira zaulimi zolondola, monga kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni pogwiritsa ntchito sensa, zimatha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrojeni poyika kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni woyenerera pamalo oyenera panthawi yoyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, kasinthasintha wa mbewu, kubzala m'nthaka, ndi kuthirira moyenera kumathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yathanzi komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira kwa nayitrogeni.
Pomaliza, nayitrogeni ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mopitilira muyeso kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zachilengedwe. Potengera njira zatsopano zoyendetsera nayitrogeni, monga ulimi wolondola komanso kasungidwe kabwino, alimi amatha kukulitsa zokolola komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa nayitrogeni ku chilengedwe, zomwe zimathandizira kuti ulimi ukhale wokhazikika.
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