University of Idaho Extension yatulutsa zatsopano Bulankhani kuthandiza alimi a mbatata kuzindikira zizindikiro za bacterial ring rot (BRR) ndi kuteteza ntchito zawo ku matenda owononga mbewu za mbatata.
Idaho sinakhalepo ndi matenda ovunda m'zaka zingapo ndipo mliri waukulu womaliza m'boma unali mu 2012. Katswiri wa mbatata wa UI Extension, Kasia Duellman akuyembekeza kuti bulletin ikumbutsa alimi a mbatata ndi amalonda kuti asunge ukhondo ndikukhalabe. tcheru zizindikiro.
'Vuto lomwe lilipo' kwa alimi a mbatata
Achenjeza kuti zowola za mphete zimawononga kwambiri komanso zovuta kuzichotsa zikangofika pafamu.
"Itha kukhala vuto lomwe lingakhalepo pabizinesi ya olima mbatata ngati ipezeka pafamu yawo," adatero Duellman.
Ring rot ndi matenda a bakiteriya ofalitsidwa ndi tuber omwe amatha kupezeka mu njere pomwe amakhala opanda chizindikiro mumbewu mumibadwo ingapo yobzalanso zizindikiro zisanachitike.
The bakiteriya imapanga biofilm yoteteza yomwe imalola kuti ikhalebe ndi moyo pamalo osagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo, nthawi zambiri imayipitsa ming'alu ya zida zogwirira ntchito, odulira mbewu, mabedi amagalimoto, malamba amakina ndi makoma osungira.
Kuwunika zizindikiro m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Bulletin yatsopano ya UI Extension imapereka chidule cha kafukufuku wofotokoza momwe mitundu 25 ya mbatata imasonyezera zizindikiro zowola m'malo awiri osiyanasiyana.
Detayi imachokera ku kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu June 2019. Phunziroli linatsogoleredwa ndi Jonathan Whitworth, katswiri wofufuza zachipatala ndi USDA's Agricultural Research Service, ndipo anaphatikizapo Duellman ndi asayansi ena ochokera ku U of I, Idaho Crop Improvement Association ndi North Dakota State University.
M'nyengo ziwiri zakukula, ochita kafukufukuwo adabaya mbewu zamtundu uliwonse ndi mphete zowola ndikuzibzala ku Idaho ndi North Dakota.
"Ndinatenga zomwe zili m'bukulo ndikuzisintha kukhala tebulo losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito munkhani iyi," adatero Duellman. "Uthenga wopita kunyumba ndi wakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata imayankha mosiyana ndi kuwola kwa mphete m'malo osiyanasiyana."
Ku North Dakota, kuchepa kwa ma internodes a zomera kunali kofala kwambiri ndipo kunachitika kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko. Chizindikiro chocheperako chidadziwika m'mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe idabzalidwa ku Idaho. Marginal necrosis imachitika mosiyanasiyana m'malo onse awiri. Kupaka chikasu pakati pa mitsempha kunkawonekanso m'malo onse awiri, monga momwe zimakhalira - masamba akufota ndikugwa kuchokera kunthambi.
Chizindikiro cha tuber cha ring kuvunda ndi kufooka kwa mphete komwe kumatulutsa kutulutsa kwa bakiteriya kokoma ikafinyidwa. Ma tubers amathanso kuwonetsa ming'alu ya kukula.
Kuwola kwa mphete kumatha kukhala kobisika kwa nthawi yayitali
"Chifukwa chomwe timadandaula kwambiri ndi izi ndikuti zitha kupitilira mibadwo ingapo ndikuchulukitsa mbewu popanda kudziwa kuti zilipo," adatero Duellman. "Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimatenga mibadwo ingapo kuti mbatata zikuchuluke. Mwamwayi, zoyeserera zathu zapano ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zaka khumi zapitazo ndipo zimatha kuzindikira matenda omwe angobwera kumene. ”
Kuphulika kwa mphete kumakhala kozungulira, kumachitika pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zilizonse. Alimi amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaukhondo ndikutsatira ndondomeko zoyenera pakangochitika mliri, potero amawongolera vutoli. Komabe, kaŵirikaŵiri amasiya pang’onopang’ono tcheru, akumamasula zizoloŵezi zawo zaukhondo m’zaka zakumapeto ndi kupereka mpata wakuti nthendayo ibwerere.
Mbatata zakuda
A Duellman akukayikira kuti miliri ina m'dziko lonselo pazaka zapitazi ingakhale yokhudzana ndi kuyipitsanso mbeu za mbatata ndi kachilombo ka ring rot pathogen powonetsa mbewu zathanzi pamalo oipitsidwa monga zida zogwirira, zosungira, zodula mbewu ndi magalimoto.
"Chitetezo chili pawiri: kubzala mbewu zopanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuchita zaukhondo mosamalitsa ndikukhalabe wakhama," adatero Duellman.
Bulletin ikulangiza alimi amalonda kuti agwiritse ntchito mbatata yovomerezeka ndikupewa kudula kapena kubzala mbewu zomwe zili ndi kachilombo. Ngati mbeu yomwe mukuganiziridwa kuti ili ndi kachilombo yabzalidwa kale, yang'anirani momwe mbeuyo yamera mosokonekera ndipo sonkhanitsani mosamala zitsanzo kuti mukayese. Scout minda yazizindikiro za foliar ndi tuber ndipo perekani mbewu zilizonse zokhala ndi zizindikiro kapena ma tubers kuti ayesedwe mu labotale.
Ngati mphete yawola yatsimikizika, ma tubers sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu koma agulitsidwe ngati mbatata yoyambirira pamsika. Pewani kusungira zokolola m'munda woipitsidwa, chifukwa kuwola kwa spuds ndi zowola kungapangitse malo abwino kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha zowola zofewa.
Zosankha zokolola m'munda wotsimikiziridwa ndi mphete zowola
Posamalira mbewu yamalonda yomwe idabzalidwa kale komwe kuola kwa mphete kwatsimikiziridwa, pali njira zingapo zokolola. Nthawi ina, zingakhale bwino kukolola minda yomwe ili ndi ring'ono yowola kuti musafalitse matenda pazida zoipitsidwa. Kuchedwetsa kukolola kumapangitsanso mbatata iliyonse yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka kuwola m'munda. Munthawi imeneyi, ma tubers omwe ali ndi kachilombo amayenera kutengedwa musanawunjike mu yosungirako.
Njira yachiwiri ingakhale kukolola msanga, kwa alimi amalonda omwe ali ndi mwayi wogula mofulumira. Izi zimapewa kusungitsa mbatata zokhala ndi mphete zowola zomwe zimawononga malo osungira.
Njira yachitatu ndiyo kuwononga mbewu m'munda womwe uli ndi kachilombo ndi pulawo, zomwe zimathandiza wolima mbeu kuti asawononge zida zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo.
Dongosolo la certification ya mbewu ya mbatata ya Idaho imafuna kuyesedwa kozama kwa maere ngati mphete yawola. Olima akuyenera kupereka zitsanzo zokhala ndi machubu osachepera 400 kuti ayesedwe motengera DNA, ndipo palibe kulolerana konse kuti mphete yawola iwoneke. Kuyesedwa kwabwino kumapangitsa kuti mbeu zonse zigwetsedwe pafamu. Matendawa amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwachuma kwa wolima mbewu chifukwa mbewuyo siyeneranso kupatsidwa chiphaso.
Momwe mungayeretsere zida ndi zosungira
Bulletin ili ndi malangizo otsuka ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazida za mbatata ndi malo osungira ndi maulalo a Chidziwitso cha 2011 Extension lolembedwa ndi UI Extension Potato Storage Specialist Nora Olsen ndi Phil Nolte, omwe adatsogolera Duellman.
Bulletin ikulangiza alimi kutsuka bwino zida kuti achotse litsiro. Ayenera kuthira mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuti azitha kukhudzana ndi malo kwa mphindi 10.