#soilorganicmatter #agriculture #soilhealth #nutrientcycling #soilstructure #waterretention #sustainableagriculture #climateresilience #organicfarming
Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa maphunziro a zaulimi, nthaka organic matter (SOM) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri paumoyo komanso kugwira ntchito kwa nthaka. Ndiwosakaniza wovuta wa zomera ndi zinyama zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri nthaka ndi zotsatira zaulimi. Organic zinthu zimagwira ntchito ngati zowongolera nthaka, zomwe zimapereka zabwino zambiri kwa alimi, akatswiri azalimi, akatswiri azaulimi, eni mafamu, ndi asayansi omwe akuchita nawo ulimi.
Ubwino wina waukulu wa organic matter ndi kuthekera kwake kukonza dothi. Zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe okhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino, kulowa m'madzi, ndi kulowa kwa mizu. Kafukufuku yemwe anachitika ndi dipatimenti ya zaulimi ndi zachilengedwe payunivesite ina yodziwika bwino anaulula kuti dothi lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za organic limapangitsa kuti nthaka ikule bwino komanso kuti nthaka isakokoloke.
Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri cha SOM ndi mphamvu yake yowonjezera madzi osungira m'nthaka. Organic matter imagwira ntchito ngati siponji, imagwira chinyezi ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi kwambiri. Khalidweli ndi lofunika kwambiri m'madera omwe kugwa chilala. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Soil Science anasonyeza kuti dothi lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zakuthupi lachulukitsa kwambiri madzi osungira madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala okhazikika pa nthawi yamvula.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu za organic zimathandizira kusungidwa ndi kupereka zakudya m'nthaka. Amakhala ngati nkhokwe ya michere yofunika ya zomera monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potaziyamu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Soil Science Society of America, zinthu za organic zimathandizira kukwera kwa michere, kupangitsa kuti zakudya zizipezeka kwa zomera, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha leaching, ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa michere.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu za organic zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa luso laulimi kuti lisinthe kusintha kwachilengedwe. Poyang'anizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo, kusunga milingo yokwanira ya zinthu zakuthupi kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wozama wa bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) anatsindika kuti dothi lodzala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe silimatha kupirira nyengo yoopsa, limayendetsa bwino chinyontho m’nthaka, komanso limalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthaka.
Pofuna kusamalira bwino zinthu zachilengedwe, alimi ndi alimi angagwiritse ntchito njira zingapo. Kusankha bwino mbeu za kasinthasintha, kuphatikizirapo zotchingira ndi manyowa obiriwira, kungathandize kuti organic zinthu zibwere m'nthaka. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi kapena zinthu zina zobwezerezedwanso, monga manyowa a nyama kapena zotsalira za mbewu, zimatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Ofufuza a ku Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ndi Zachilengedwe asonyeza kuti kuwonjezeredwa kwa kompositi m'nthaka kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zamoyo, kupindula ndi chonde cha nthaka ndi zokolola.
Dothi la organic ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti tipeze ulimi wabwino komanso wokhazikika. Zimakhudza kamangidwe ka dothi, kuchuluka kwa madzi, kupezeka kwa michere, komanso thanzi la nthaka yonse. Pomvetsetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe koyenera, alimi, akatswiri azalimi, mainjiniya aulimi, eni mafamu, ndi asayansi amatha kukulitsa zokolola zaulimi, kuchepetsa zovuta zachilengedwe, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nthaka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
Source: Olima Mbatata aku Australia