Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto osayendetsedwa ndi ndege (UAVs), omwe amadziwikanso kuti drones, ndi ma analytics olumikizidwa
ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kothandizira ndikuthana ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo
ulimi potengera mwayi wopeza zinthu zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo osiyanasiyana panthawi yonse yobzala:
- Kusanthula nthaka ndi munda - Mukapeza mapu olondola a 3D a nthaka, kubzala kutha kukonzedwa ndipo kadyedwe kake kaunikenso ntchito zina:
- Kubzala - UAS imawombera njere zokhala ndi michere m'nthaka zomwe zimamera pafupifupi 75 peresenti, motero zimatsitsa mtengo wobzala.
- Kuyang'anira mbewu - Makanema otsatizana nthawi amatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa mbewu ndikuvumbulutsa kusakwanira kwa ulimi, zomwe zimathandizira kusamalira bwino mbewu.
- Kuthirira - Ma Drone okhala ndi ma hyperspectral, multispectral, kapena masensa otentha amatha kuzindikira kuti ndi magawo ati amunda omwe ali owuma kapena ofunikira kuwongolera.
- Kuunika kwaumoyo - Poyang'ana mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowoneka bwino komanso pafupi ndi infrared, zida zonyamulira ma drone zimatha kuzindikira kuti ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zimawonetsa kuwala kobiriwira kosiyanasiyana ndi kuwala kwa NIR. Chidziwitsochi chikhoza kupanga zithunzi zambiri zomwe zimatsata kusintha kwa zomera ndikuwonetsa thanzi lawo.
Zithunzi za minda, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi kudzera pa intaneti monga Sen2-Agri (http://www.esa-sen2agri.org/), Onesoil (https://onesoil.ai/en/), ndi zina zotero. mawebusayiti amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za mlengalenga (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku masetilaiti a Sentinel)
Vuto lalikulu la zithunzi za satellite ndi kutsika kwakanthawi komanso kusintha kwa malo. Ma satellite a Sentinel aulere amapereka kulondola kwadongosolo la mita 10 pa pixel, zomwe sizokwanira kukwaniritsa zolondola. Izi zikuwonjezedwa ndi mfundo yakuti kuzungulira kwa data padziko lapansi ndi masiku 10, kotero kuchedwa kwa nthawi kumakhala pafupifupi masiku 3-5, omwe m'chilimwe sangakhale ofulumira kupanga zisankho. Ma satellite olipidwa amapereka malingaliro ofikira 2 metres pa pixel, koma amalipidwa. Ndipo ma satelayiti onse ali ndi vuto la mtambo, m'madera ena chivundikiro chamtambo chimatha kufika 50% ya nthawiyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madera omwe ali ndi mitambo muzithunzi zamlengalenga ndi "zabodza" - "amakokedwa" ndi zithunzi zochokera kuzithunzi zoyandikana nazo, zomwe zimachepetsa kudalirika kwawo. Zotsatira zake, zidziwitso zomwe alimi amalandila kuchokera pazithunzi za satana zimapereka kulondola kwa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ma macroelements (nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, humus) m'nthaka osapitilira 75%, komanso kuchedwa kowonekera komanso kusalondola kwa malo.
Powombera kuchokera ku UAV, mlimi amatha kupeza njira yofikira 3-5 cm, ndiye kuti, kuposa nthawi 100 bwino. Chifukwa chake, kulondola kwa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa macronutrients kumatha kufika 90-95%. Kumbali inayi, kuchuluka kwa minda m'mafamu aulimi kumatha kuyesedwa mu zidutswa makumi, zotalikirana mokwanira, munda umodzi umakhala maekala makumi ndi mazana kapena maekala. Zotsatira zake, mkati mwa ntchito yakumunda, zimakhala zovuta kuti mlimi aziwuluka mozungulira minda yonse pa UAV, izi zitha kutenga masiku angapo. Ndalama za Oyendetsa Ndege - Avereji yamapu amasiku onse kuyambira $ 800 mpaka $ 1200.
Zomwe zikuyembekezeka kwambiri masiku ano ndizophatikiza zithunzi za ma satellite ndi zithunzi zochokera ku ma UAV. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti ndizowonera zambiri - kuphatikiza deta yowonera pansi, zithunzi za satellite, ndi zithunzi zochokera ku drone - zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa ntchitoyi. Pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ophunzirira makina, AI, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo zithunzi kuchokera ku ma satelayiti ndi ma UAV, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kulondola kwakukulu kwa 90-95% kudera lonselo popanda ndalama zambiri.
Vuto lina logwiritsa ntchito ma drones nokha. Ma quadcopters nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kochepa kwambiri - mahekitala 50-100 paulendo uliwonse ndipo motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda. Fixed-wing UAV imafuna kuti mlimi akhale ndi ziyeneretso zoyendetsa ndege, sangathe kungonyamuka ndikukatera, amapwetekedwa mtima ndipo amapereka zithunzi zotsika komanso zosasunthika.
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu watsopano wa drone - Optiplane rotorcraft. Amaphatikiza ubwino wa ma copters ndi mapiko okhazikika koma alibe zovuta zawo. Mosiyana ndi copter, rotorcraft imatha kuphimba malo okulirapo nthawi 10 mu ndege imodzi - kuposa mahekitala 1000. Mosiyana ndi mapiko okhazikika a UAV, rotorcraft sichifuna kuti mlimi azitha kugwiritsa ntchito UAV - ndege yonse yochokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda imakhala yokha. Akakhazikitsa, amangowona malingaliro owongolera ntchito mufoni yake kapena piritsi - NDVI, NDWI, AF1, ARI1 mamapu, chidziwitso chapadera.