Ndikosavuta kumenya ndi kuphwanya mbatata panthawi yokolola. Vuto lalikulu limalima alimi, mapaketi, ndi mapurosesa mamiliyoni a madola chaka chilichonse. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yodziwika bwino yamakina ndikuwononga momwe mungathandizire kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma tubers anu.
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1. Khungu
Njira yabwino yodziwira chikopa ndi kuyang'anira malo opukutidwa, opukutidwa, opukutidwa, komanso odulidwa (khungu). Mwina mwamvapo mawu ena oti "nthenga." Madera akhungu asanduka mdima pakanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osafunikira pamsika watsopano
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mbatata zosakhwima zikagwiridwa ndikukolola. Khungu lomwe lili ndi chifuwa chosakhwima silimamatira bwino kumatumba omwe amalola kuti khungu likule ndikukula.
Njira yomwe timadziwa kuti khungu limakhazikika, pomwe periderm imamangiriza ku tuber yonse, imayamba mipesa itamwalira ndipo ma tubers amasiya kukula. Zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso majini zimatha kutengera nthawi yomwe khungu limakhazikika. Kuchulukanso kwa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu kumachepetsa kusasitsa mpesa ndipo, ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi desiccants wa mpesa, kumatha kuchepetsa khungu.
Mitundu ina imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa ina. Mwachitsanzo, ma cultivar ofiira ofiira amakonda kukhazikitsa khungu pang'onopang'ono kuposa ma russets. Pofuna kupewa mavuto pakhungu, mipesa iyenera kukhala itafa kapena kufotokozedwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu isanakolole kuti ipatse nthawi khungu.
Njira yabwino yowunika khungu lanu ndikuthira chala chanu pakhungu kuti muwone ngati "chatsika." Ngati periderm imachotsedwa mosavuta, ndiye kuti mungafunike kuipatsa nthawi yochulukirapo yokolola isanakwane.
2. Shatter Bruise
Mikwingwirima yosweka imachitika khungu likang'ambika chifukwa cha zovuta. Amadziwika ndi ming'alu ndi mabowo pamtunda wa tuber. Zimalumikizidwa ndi kuthana ndi ma tubers omwe ndi ozizira komanso owopsa.
Njira yochepetsera kuphwanya ndikupewa chinyezi chochulukirapo m'masiku ndi masabata omwe akutsogolera kukolola (kuchepetsa kutenthetsa kwa ma tubers). Kololani kokha pamene kutentha kwa tuber zamkati kuli pamwamba pa 50 ° F ndipo pewani madontho pamalo olimba osadulidwa.
Mitundu yolima mbatata yokhala ndi zinthu zowuma kwambiri imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chophwanya mabala. Kwa mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chophwanya, zimatha kuthandiza kukolola tubers zikafooka pang'ono.
Werengani zambiri za zolemba za Carrie Huffman Wohleb's Potato.
3. Blackspot Bruise
Kuvulaza kwa Blackspot kumathanso chifukwa cha zovuta, koma kuwonongeka ndikamaselo omwe ali pansi pa khungu. Khungu silimasweka, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala zizindikilo zosawonongeka pamtunda.
Mikwingwirima yakuda imayamba pomwe maselo owonongeka amatulutsa michere yomwe imagwirizana ndi mankhwala a phenolic kuti apange melanin, mtundu wakuda. Zotsatira zake ndizochepa, imvi mpaka malo akuda pansi pa khungu. Ndi mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amatenga pafupifupi maola 12 mpaka 24 kuti akule.
Amagwirizananso ndi kuchepa kwa ma tuber hydration, omwe amangotsutsana ndi kuphwanya mabala. Kuthirira kusanachitike kukolola kungakhale kofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti madzi okwanira a tuber amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse blackspot. Zitha kutenga masiku angapo kuti mumwetse madzi mumchere wouma, chifukwa chake lolani patadutsa masiku angapo musanakolole.
Kukula kwa tuber kumapangitsanso kuvulaza blackspot kukhala kotheka. Amalumikizidwa ndi ma tubers akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi zinthu zowuma kwambiri ndipo amakhala okalamba kapena okhwima kwambiri.
Mitundu ina yamaluwa, monga 'Ranger Russet,' imatha kukhala ndi vuto la blackspot. Sayenera kuloledwa kukhala okhwima mopitirira muyeso, ndipo muyenera kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali ma tuber okwanira pokolola.
Malangizo General
• Kololani zilonda zapakati zikakhwima komanso zili ndi khungu labwino kuti zisawonongeke.
• Ndi bwino kukolola tubers ikakhala pakati pa 50 ° F mpaka 60 ° F. Cold tubers imatha kugwidwa ndikuvulaza kwamtundu wakuda. Ma tubers ofunda ndi ovuta kuziziritsa posungira ndipo amatha kutengeka ndi zowola zofewa ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timavunda.
Mlingo wapakatikati wa ma tuber hydration ukhoza kukhala wabwino kwambiri chifukwa ma tubers omwe alibe madzi ambiri amatha kukhala ndi blackspot, ndipo ma tubers omwe amakhala ndi hydrated kwambiri amatha kuthyoka.
Onetsetsani kuti mukusintha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zokolola kuti muchepetse kuvulala. Maunyolo okwera pad omwe ali ndi zida zokuthira komanso madera omwe amakoka. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zomwe zimachepetsa kubweza kwa ma tub pama lifti ndi booms. Sinthani kuthamanga kwa maunyolo ndi onyamula onse kuti muwonetsetse kuti akwaniritsidwa (izi zimachepetsa kubweza). Pewani madontho a mainchesi opitilira 6.
• Dziwani mtundu wa mbeu yomwe mukukulira ndipo mwina yochulukirapo - kapena yocheperako - yomwe imatha kutengeka ndi khungu, kuphwanya, kapena kuvulaza. Njira zopewera kuvulazidwa zimasiyana kutengera kuthekera kovulaza.