Ngakhale sizinachite bwino msanga, mtundu wa 'Russet Burbank' tsopano umakhala pafupifupi 40% yamchere wa mbatata waku US. Amachokera ku mbewu yomwe idatengedwa kuchokera ku mbatata ya 'Early Rose' yomwe Luther Burbank adabzala mu 1872. Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, chibadwa chachilengedwe (chimera) cha Burbank yoyambirira yokhala ndi khungu la russet idakhala Russet Burbank yomwe tikudziwa lero.
'Russet Burbank' ndi mbatata yogwira ntchito ziwiri - yoyenera misika yatsopano komanso yosakira - ndipo imavomerezedwa ndi ogula. Mutha kuyisunga kwa miyezi yambiri musanagwiritse ntchito, yomwe imalola kugawa ndikukonzekera chaka chonse. Ichi chitha kukhala chinthu champhamvu kwambiri cha 'Russet Burbank' ndipo ndichimodzi mwazinthu zina zamtundu wa russet zomwe zatha kufanana.
Ili ndi Makhalidwe Abwino, Koma Tikudziwa Zomwe Tiyenera Kuyembekezera
'Russet Burbank' imakonda kukhala ndi zolakwika za tuber ikakula munthawi yamavuto. Izi zimaphatikizapo zolakwika zamkati monga banga lofiirira ndi mtima wopanda pake, ndi zopindika zakunja ngati zopindika ndi malekezero owongoka. Amagwidwa ndi matenda angapo a mbatata, monga Verticillium wilt ndi matenda owola tuber.
Olima ndi mapurosesa amamvetsetsa zofooka izi ndipo ali ndi njira zoyendetsera ambiri a iwo. Zomera zatsopano za mbatata sizibwera ndi buku loyang'anira. Timaphunzira zambiri zamalimi atsopano m'nthawi yawo yachitukuko, koma zovuta zosayembekezereka nthawi zambiri zimabuka zikabzalidwa pamalonda akulu ndi madera atsopano. Kuti muchite bwino, mtundu watsopano umafunika kukhala ndi zina zotero kuti alimi azikhala ovomerezeka kuvomereza chiopsezo chokumana ndi zosadziwika.
Ndi Ntchito Yambiri Yopanga Mbewu Yatsopano ya Mbatata
Mbatata zomwe zimalima ndi ma tetraploids okhala ndi magulu anayi a chromosome iliyonse ndipo amakhala ndi majini osiyanasiyana. Izi zimapangitsa kuthekera kosawoneka ngati kosatha pamikhalidwe yomwe ingafotokozeredwe mwa kubadwa kwa mtanda pakati pa mbatata ziwiri. Vutoli ndikugawana zabwino za kholo lililonse ndikutaya zoyipa. Zimatengera mitanda yambiri kuti ifike pamtunda wabwino.
Mapulogalamu abwinobwino obereketsa mbatata amawunika ma tubers kuchokera pamitanda pafupifupi 100,000 chaka chilichonse. Ndipo obereketsa amasankha pafupifupi 10% kuti apite patsogolo. Ngakhale woweta mbatata amatha kuyesa mbande za mbatata pafupifupi 3.5 miliyoni pantchito yake, awona ochepa okha omwe akupambana ndikukhala ndi mwayi wochita bwino. Mukabzala mbewu zenizeni za mbatata kuchokera ku mabulosi omwe adatengedwa kuchokera kubzala ya mbatata, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi tubers zonse zimakhala zosiyana - zonse zimayimira mitundu yapadera.
Njira yokhayo yothetsera mikhalidwe ndikupanga mitundu ya mbatata asexually kuchokera ku clonal stock. Kufalikira kwa clonal kumawonjezera nthawi yomwe zimatengera kupanga mbewu zatsopano za mbatata. Phiri limodzi la mbatata limatulutsa zochepa kuposa 15 tubers pachomera. Chifukwa chake zaka zoyambirira za chitukuko zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchulukitsa ma tubers okwanira kuti athe kuwunikiridwa poyeserera koyeserera. Asanatulutse mbatata, amayesedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zimatengera zaka 13 mpaka 14 kuti ipange, kuwunika, ndi kutulutsa mtundu watsopano wa mbatata kuchokera pulogalamu yodziwika bwino yoswana mbatata.
Nanga Bwanji Zomangamanga?
GE ndiyo kugwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika kwa chibadwa cha thupi pogwiritsa ntchito biotechnology. Ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuyika kapena kuchotsa majini enaake. Njira imeneyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa nyongolosi ya mbatata poyambitsa majini ochokera kwa achibale a mbatata zakutchire kukhala mbatata yolimidwa. Makamaka pomwe sawoloka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakuswana.
Obereketsa amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kusintha zinthu zina zoyipa za mbatata zotchuka, makamaka pamikhalidwe yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha kapena mitundu ingapo. Boma la US lavomereza kutulutsidwa kwa mitundu ingapo yama mbatata yosinthidwa (GM) zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zotheka kudyedwa ndi chilengedwe. Sakulandiridwa m'maiko onse.
Zakudya za GM zimabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu ena, ndipo ena amazikana chifukwa chodera nkhawa zachilengedwe kapena chifukwa chowopa chitetezo cha chakudya. Olima mbatata ambiri komanso omwe amagawa ku US sanakonzekere kuthana ndi zovuta zotsatsa kapena zotumiza kunja ndipo asankha kuti asakulire kapena kugulitsa mbatata za GM pakadali pano.
"Bzalani mbewu za mbatata, ndipo mumajambula mgodi wobadwa nawo, wopanda malire chifukwa chosatsimikizika, koma wopanda malire, nawonso, mwa kuthekera kwawo. ”