Kuwonjezeka - komanso nthawi - yamvula yamvumbi yaposachedwa yawonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa kusintha kwa nyengo m'mafamu ndikuwonetsa kufunikira kwakubzala ndalama kwanthawi yayitali ngalande, atero akatswiri pamakampani.
Pambuyo pa kasupe wowuma kwambiri komanso chilimwe chotentha anali atagunda kale zokolola, Alimi aku East Anglian ndiye adalimbana ndi kukolola mbatata ndi kubzala tirigu nthawi yachilimwe yomwe idagwera pazenera lowopsa mu kalendala yaulimi. Madera ambiri ku UK adalandira mvula yawo pakati pa Okutobala m'masabata awiri oyamba amwezi omwe adaphatikizanso tsiku lamvula kwambiri ku UK, pomwe kudagwa mvula yambiri pa Okutobala 3 kudzaza Loch Ness. Ku Mid Norfolk, mvula yopitilira 150mm idalembedwa pakati pa Seputembara 23 mpaka Okutobala 11 - kotala la mvula yapachaka yapaderadera m'derali m'masiku 19 okha.
A Tim Sisson, oyang'anira wamkulu wa ngalande William Morfoot, ku Shipdham pafupi ndi Dereham, adati kuchuluka konseku kunali "pafupi kaboni kopi" ya mvula yomwe inagwa nthawi yophukira 2019, yomwe idalimbikitsanso ntchito yokolola ndikuboola pantchito yofunika iyi nthawi ya chaka.
"Alimi ambiri anena kuti nthawi yophukira ya 2020 yabweretsa zovuta kuposa 2019 malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mvula," adatero. “Chaka chino, mbewu zambiri zomwe zidabowoleredwa zawona mbewuzo zitavunda chifukwa cha dothi lokhathamira.
“Zovuta za namsongole zomwe zimakula bwino pamalo ozizira kwambiri zawonekera kwambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka ndi blackgrass yomwe imakula bwino m'nthaka yonyowa. “Minda yambiri sinayikepo ndalama pamakina olandila nthaka kuyambira pomwe thandizo la thandizo lidathetsedwa kuti lithandizire kukonza ngalande mu 1981. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali njira zambiri zotopa kwambiri komanso zakale zomwe sizikugwira ntchito moyenera. Makina okalamba, kuchotsedwa kwa BPS (Basic Payment Scheme subsidies kuchokera ku EU), kuchuluka kwa mvula, komanso nthawi yazomwe zimachitika mvula zonse zatanthawuza kuti ngalande zapamtunda ngati chida chothandizira kukonza malire m'minda yolimapo yolima sinakhalepo yambiri zofunika. “Ngalande zokhala ndi nthaka ndizogulitsa ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakweza pakati pa 25-35pc pakukweza kwapakatikati pazakudya zomwe zimayikidwa. Kukulitsa zokololaku ndikofunikira kwambiri munyengo monga nthawi yophukira ya 2019 ndi 2020 pomwe kupezeka kwa ngalande kumtunda kungatanthauze kusiyana pakukolola mbatata, kapena ayi, kapena kuboola famu ndi tirigu wachisanu, kapena ayi. ”
Mlimi wina yemwe adayika ndalama zambiri pamadzi ndi a Tom Dye, manejala wamkulu wa Albanwise Farming, yomwe imalima malo opitilira 5,000ha olima kumadera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Norfolk. Anatinso kunali kofunikira kwambiri kulola dothi lokhathamira kuti liziyenda mwachangu kwambiri, kukulitsa zenera logwirira ntchito yolima ndikukweza zokolola za mbeu.
"Chizolowezi chatsopano ndikuti nyengo yasintha," adatero. "Kwa zaka 13 zomwe ndakhala ndikulima kumpoto kwa Norfolk zisankho zomwe woyang'anira famu amayenera kuchita ndizazikulu kwambiri, ndipo mawindo ogwira ntchito ndioperewera tsopano chifukwa cha nyengo. Tsopano mutha kukhala ndi masiku awiri kapena atatu okha kuti mubowole munda, ndipo ngati mukuyembekezera kuti mundawo mukhe madzi mwaphonya mwayi wokhazikitsa mbewuzo m'malo abwino.
"Tili nthawi yonseyi kuzindikira malo athu ofooka kwambiri panthaka, chilichonse kuchokera kuchitsime chomwe chadziwikiratu, kapena timadzi tonyowa m'minda momwe mvula imasonkhana, kapena madera osapeŵeka okwanira. "Ndili ndi chitsanzo pomwe tidakhetsa 50pc ya munda kubwerera ku 2011, udali munda wabwino wa 7.5ha. Gawo la mundawo linali lovuta kwambiri tisanapange ngalandeyo. Zinali zokolola 8.5t / ha, koma titakhetsa mundawo idatulutsa 11t / ha. Icho chinali chitsanzo chowopsya.
"Ndinganene kuti ndi chuma chabodza osaganizira. Ndizochulukitsa zaka 30-40. Anthu akuyika zomangamanga m'minda yawo ndikumanga malo ogulitsa tirigu ndi malo osungira osamenyetsa chikope, koma anthu omwewo sawoneka kuti ali okonzeka kuganizira ngalande zapansi panthaka. "Sitingakwanitse kusapeza ufuluwu ndipo muyenera kukhala okonzeka kugulitsa chuma chanu ndikuwonjezera chuma chanu. Mutha kulima pantchito nthawi yomwe mukufunikira, ndipo biology yonse ya nthaka imagwira ntchito bwino ndipo zokolola zake zidzawonjezeka. “Palibe ndalama zothandizira ndalama zake. Zinali mu 60s ndi 70s, koma malingaliro ambiri omwe adachitidwa munthawiyo tsopano akufika kumapeto kwa moyo wawo. Ndinganene kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwazachuma zomwe simuyenera kufunikira thandizo kuti muchite. Ndikuganiza kuti imabweza payokha. ”
KUYAMIKIRA ZOOPSA MU NTHAWI ZA SCARCITY
Ngakhale mvula yayitali yadzetsa mavuto nthawi yophukira iyi, alimi aku East Anglian ayeneranso kukonzekera vuto lomwe lidzawonjezeke la chilala kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe akutero a Paul Hammett, katswiri wazamadzi ku National Farmers 'Union (NFU).
"Monga umboni wa kusintha kwanyengo komwe kumabweretsa nyengo yowuma pafupipafupi komanso nyengo yowuma kwambiri, alimi akuganiza mozama momwe angakonzekerere mabizinesi awo kuti athane ndi zoopsazi," adatero. “Makamaka, tonse tidzalimbana ndi nkhani yokhudza amene amapeza madzi akakhala kuti alibe okwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za aliyense. "M'nthawi yamvula posachedwa, alimi omwe amadalira madzi kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zatuluka monga mitsinje ndi zitsime akhala akulephera pantchito zawo, pomwe madzi amtundu wa anthu amasamalidwa popanda zosokoneza.
"Alimi akuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti apindule kwambiri ndi madzi, kuphatikiza kutenga madzi amvula kuchokera padenga lazomanga m'minda, kugwiritsa ntchito ma chinyezi chanthaka kukonza kukonza nthawi yothirira, ndikuyika ndalama zosungira m'minda. Komabe ngakhale zili choncho, malingaliro oyendetsera ziphaso zothirira amaoneka ovuta. Omwe ali ndi ziphaso zolepheretsa nthawi amayenera kuchotsedwa pa 'headroom' yomwe yasungidwa kwa zaka zowuma. Environmental Agency ikuwonetsa kuti izi zitha kukhala zofunikira popewa chiwopsezo chakuwonongeka mtsogolo kwamatupi amadzi.
"Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuthekera kwamtsogolo kwa alimi kudzalima chakudya chathu kumatha kusokonezedwa ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino ka chilala, komanso nyengo zouma zokha.
"Pothana ndi mavuto akusowa kwa madzi omwe akukumana nawo chifukwa chaulimi, Defra ndi banja lawo la mabungwe akuyang'ana kwambiri mapulani amadzi am'magawo ambiri ngati yankho, ngakhale kuzindikira kuti kugulitsa kovuta kudzafunika pakakhala madzi osakwanira kuti athe kukwaniritsa zosowa. NFU yadzipereka kwambiri ku mapulani amadzi amtundu wadziko lonse ndipo akutengapo gawo pokhazikitsa dongosolo lamadzi loyang'aniridwa ndi Water Resources East. "Koma zikuwonekeranso bwino kuti mapulani amchigawo sangapereke njira zothanirana ndi madzi omwe angatayike chifukwa cha ulimi kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zatulukiridwa pokhapokha ngati atadzipereka kupereka madzi opanga chakudya choyambirira."