Mbatata zimabzalidwa pamtengo wamsika wokongola. Komabe, ndalama zopindulitsa izi zitha kubweretsa zokhumudwitsa makamaka ngati matenda ayamba. Njira yabwino yotsimikizirira kupambana pakupanga ndi kuwaletsa.
Chochedwa Chakumapeto:
Ichi ndi matenda owopsa omwe amatha kufafaniza mbeu yanu yonse. Matendawa amawononga makamaka nyengo yozizira komanso yamvula. Bowa limatha kukhudza magawo onse azomera. Mbewu yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka imakhala ndi zotupa zazing'ono zomwe ndizochepa ndipo zimawoneka ngati zakuda, malo othira madzi. Mawanga a masambawa amakula msanga, ndipo nkhungu yoyera idzawonekera m'mbali mwa dera lomwe lakhudzidwa kumapeto kwamasamba. Kutsitsa kwathunthu kumatha kuchitika masiku 14 kapena kuchepera kuchokera kuzizindikiro zoyambirira. Matenda a mbatata omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amakhala owuma, owola omwe amatha kukhala ofiira kapena ofiira. Tubers siziwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda mpaka nthawi yosungirako. Bowa limatulutsa fungo loipa pakakhala matenda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalikira pakati pa zomera ndi mvula ndi mphepo.
Management
Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti masamba azomera ndi owola bwino. Komanso pewani kuthirira pamutu, makamaka nthawi yamadzulo. Bzalani mbewu zaulere zopanda matenda ndi mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda. Sinthasintha mbatata yanu ndi mbewu zomwe sizili m'banja la mbatata monga nyemba. Chotsani ndikuwononga zomera ndi ma tubers odwala m'munda. Ngati infestation ndiyofunika, lingalirani za mankhwala. Ma fungusides otsatirawa akulimbikitsidwa; chlorothalonil, fungicide yamkuwa kapena mancozeb.
Choipitsa Choyambirira:
Matenda ena a fungal omwe amadziwika ndi zotupa zazing'ono, zakuda makamaka pamasamba akale. Mawanga amakulitsa ndi kulowetsa mphete pakati pa malo odwala. Minofu yozungulira mawanga imatha kukhala yachikasu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhalabe pa zinyalala zazomera komanso pazomera monga biringanya, phwetekere ndi nightshade wakuda. Ziphuphu zam'mimba panthawi yokolola zimapereka malo olowera matenda.
Management
Yesetsani kusintha kasinthasintha wa mbeu, kuthetseratu namsongole, kuthira feteleza moyenera ndikusunga mbewuzo kukula bwino. Chotsani mbeu zodwala mukangomaliza kukolola. Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu yopanda matenda. Pofuna kuwongolera mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito mancozeb, chlorothalonil kapena fungicide yamkuwa.
Matenda Okhazikika:
Amayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya ndipo amatha kukhala m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali. Ziphuphu za mbatata zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka HIV zimakhala ndi zitsamba kapena maenje a bulauni. Mawanga awa amakulitsa ndikuphatikizika pamodzi, nthawi zina amaphimba tuber yonse. Masamba ndi zimayambira sizikukhudzidwa. Nkhanambo ndi yovuta kwambiri panthaka youma yokhala ndi pH yoposa 5.5, komanso m'nthaka yopanda michere yambiri. Tubers zomwe zili ndi nkhanambo zimadya, komabe, zilema zikachotsedwa, ambiri mwa ma tuber amawonongeka.
Management
Onetsetsani kuti dothi pH lili pakati pa 5.0-5.2. Zida zamchere monga laimu ndi phulusa lamatabwa zimakweza nthaka pH kupangitsa nthaka kukhala yabwino kuchitira matenda. Nkhanambo amasangalala ndi chinyezi chochepa. Pofuna kupewa izi, sungani dothi lonyowa kuti lithetse matenda. Mavitamini ambiri a nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu amachulukitsa nkhanambo. Musagwiritse ntchito manyowa pa mbatata, chifukwa mabakiteriya amatha kupitilirabe mosadukiza nyama. Yesetsani kusinthasintha kwa mbeu.
Muzu-mfundo Nematode:
Nematode ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka ndipo zimadya mizu yazomera yomwe imayambitsa kudina. Matenda amadziwika ndi kukula kosauka. Mizu yowonongeka singathe kupereka madzi ndi michere yofunikira kuzomera zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndipo chomeracho chimamwalira pang'onopang'ono. Mizu ya nematode imayambitsa zotupa zazing'ono zosawoneka bwino.
Mizu yoyesera ndi nthaka ndiyo njira yokhayo yabwino yokhazikitsira kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa nematode. Palibe mankhwala omwe amapezeka kuti athetse maatode m'nthaka yabzalidwa. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera ma nematode. Yesetsani kusinthitsa mbewu ndikuphatikiza marigold yomwe imatha kuchepetsa ma nematode m'nthaka.