Mbatata ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimafuna potaziyamu wambiri. Izi zimatengedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndi mtundu wa ma tubers, ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa matenda azomera.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mbatata ndi potaziyamu. Kudya gawo limodzi lofunikira kutulutsa 1 t ya tubers yokhala ndi zokolola mpaka 6 kg ya K2O, kutanthauza kuti kupeza zipatso za tuber za 30-40 t / ha, mbewu zimadya kuchokera 180 mpaka 240 makilogalamu amtunduwu.
Ntchito yakuthupi
Chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri, potaziyamu imagwira ntchito zofunikira kwambiri munthawi yakukula ndi chitukuko cha mbatata. Ndicho gawo lalikulu lomwe limayendetsa mayendedwe kuchokera masamba kupita ku ma tubers, chifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndi wachiwiri, pambuyo pa nayitrogeni, gawo lopanga zokolola. Kuphatikiza apo, potaziyamu woyenera mu mbewu za mbatata imathandizira pazinthu zingapo za tuber mwa:
Kuchepetsa chidwi cha ma tubers pamitundu yonse yamdima ya tuber, yonse yaiwisi komanso itatha kuphika, kuwonjezera mavitamini C ndi wowuma, komanso tuber kukana kuwonongeka kwa makina, ndikupangitsa kuti azisunga, ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'matumba komanso kukulitsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a wowuma gruels, amene bwino awo sayansi katundu.
Feteleza wa potaziyamu imathandizanso kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuchuluka kwanthawi yayitali yokhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mvula nthawi yazomera, udindo woyang'anira kasamalidwe ka madzi, kapena moyenera - kutenthetsa bwino kwa michere yazomera pansi pa potaziyamu wokwanira, motero kuwonjezera udindo wawo kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. kukana chilala.
Chifukwa chake muyenera kudyetsa
Basic umuna mchere ndi gawo ili limagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka musanadzalemo, yotsimikizika potengera kusanthula nthaka, munthawi ya chilala nthawi zambiri siyokwanira, zomwe zimachokera pakuchepetsa potaziyamu pakalibe madzi, chifukwa chake sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, zosowa za mbatata malinga ndi potaziyamu sizingakwaniritsidwe bwino, zomwe zitha kusokoneza zokolola ndi mtundu wa tubers. Chifukwa chake, njira yothandiza yowonjezeretsa kuchepa kwa potaziyamu mumikhalidwe yotere ingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito masamba. Potaziyamu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati foliar imathandizira kukhalabe ndi turgor yazomera.
Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kuteteza zomera kuti zisafooke nthawi yachilala, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri munthawi yochulukitsa mbewu, chifukwa zomera zomwe zimapatsidwa potaziyamu zimawononga kuyambira 20 mpaka 50%. madzi ochepa kuti apange. Nthawi yovuta kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti potaziyamu amafunikanso kwambiri potenga mbewu za mbatata, imayamba ndikutulutsa maluwa, komwe kumachitika nthawi yayitali ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa BBCH 40 tuber misa ndipo kumatenga mpaka tubers ifike 90 peresenti. kulemera kwenikweni kwa BBCH 48.
Kudyetsa mbatata ndi chiyani?
Yankho labwino, ngati pakufunika kuwonjezera chophatikizirachi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulphate amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 makilogalamu a feteleza omwe asungunuka mu 4 l wamadzi kapena feteleza wosakaniza ndi izi mlingo wovomerezeka ndi wopanga.
Potaziyamu sulphate imadziwika ndi kusungunuka kwabwino m'madzi, potaziyamu wochuluka (womwe umakhala ndi potaziyamu wa potaziyamu ndi 52%), komanso, sulfa wambiri (SO3 - 46%), macronutrient ofunikira mu protein synthesis komanso kulimbikitsa kukoma. Mitengo ya mbatata. Pankhani yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera - osakhala ndi zisonyezo zakuchepa kwa chinthuchi pazomera, koma kumangowapangitsa kuti achite izi chifukwa cha nyengo yovutirapo kapena kuphatikizira feteleza woyambira munthaka komanso kuthekera kokulitsa zokolola za tuber - ndizokwanira kupanga ma 2-4 mankhwala nthawi yazomera.
Kumbali ina, pankhani ya chithandizo chamankhwala, kutanthauza kutengera kuwonekera kwa kuchepa kwa potaziyamu pachomera kapena zotsatira za kusanthula kwa mbeu zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe zili ndizotsika kwambiri (zofooka zobisika), mwina ngakhale mankhwala 5-6 omwe amachitika pakadutsa masiku osachepera 7. Ndibwino kuti musawonjezere ndalama ndikuphatikiza mankhwalawa, ngati zingatheke, ndi mankhwala ena, monga kuteteza mbewu. Zizindikiro zakusowa kwa potaziyamu muzomera za mbatata nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati chizoloŵezi chofota, masamba achikulire amakhala obiriwira, owuma pamwamba ndi m'mphepete, amapotera m'mwamba kenako amagwa.
Zotsatira zakufufuza kwanu
Pakafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Dipatimenti ya Potato Agronomy IHAR-PIB, Jadwisin Division, mankhwala atatu am'masamba onyentchera ndi feteleza wamadzi wa Ekosol PK omwe amapangidwa ndi 10% adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodzitetezera ku feteleza woyambira ndi NPK. P2O5 ndi 20%. K2O, muyezo wa 6 l / ha pa chithandizo chilichonse, zokolola zidakwera ndi 4.2 t / ha, mwachitsanzo 11.2%. pokhudzana ndi chinthu chowongolera, popanda kudyetsa masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lalikulu pazokolola za ma tubers akuluakulu, kuchuluka kwa wowuma ndi vitamini C, komanso kuchepa pang'ono kwa nitrate mu tubers pambuyo poti fetelezayu apezeka.
Feteleza ali nawo tikudziwika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi nyengo yabwino. Kuti akwaniritse zoyembekezerazi, feteleza amapangidwa mu matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe amino acid, nyanja algae, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timachokera, mapangidwe am'madzi kapena miyala.
Mwambiri, izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizira ntchito zopatsa thanzi, zimakhala ndi ma micro- ndi ma microelements, komanso ma biostimulants - okhala ndi zinthu zakuthambo, zomwe zimathandizira kukaniza kutsutsana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, motero kukhala ndi zokolola zabwino mzaka zovuta kwambiri momwe nyengo ilili nthawi yokula, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu kafukufuku wa IHAR-PIB, Dipatimenti ya Jadwisin. Pambuyo pothira fetereza (mankhwala awiri, 2 kg / ha),
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro zakusowa kwa potaziyamu zomwe zimapezeka muzomera zimatha kukhala zovuta kuzizindikira nthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zina zofananira, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa zizindikiritso zowoneka bwino pazomera nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kukonzanso kwawo mochedwa, zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti gawo la mbewu litayika. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwinoko ndikusanthula mbewu zasayansi, komanso njira yabwino kwambiri - kuyesa mayeso obzala m'minda nthawi yachikulire, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonera, zomwe zimalola kuwunika potaziyamu mwachangu ndikuchotsa kusowa kulikonse kobisika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masamba.