Kuyambira 1991 (pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR), China idatenga malo oyamba padziko lapansi potengera malo ofesedwa komanso kupanga mbatata. Mu 2012, mahekitala 5.14 miliyoni adaperekedwa kuti alimidwe, kuyambira pamenepo derali lachepa pang'onopang'ono. Kuyambira 2020, mbatata imatenga mahekitala pafupifupi 4.6 miliyoni (27% ya malo omwe amalimidwa padziko lonse lapansi), mbewuyo imaposa matani 90 miliyoni (24% yazopanga padziko lonse lapansi).
Pali madera anayi akuluakulu opangira mbatata mdziko muno.
Northern monoculture zone (amakhala 50% ya malo onse omwe amamera mbatata). Zimaphatikizapo zigawo za Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning ndi Autonomous Region ya Inner Mongolia. Apa ndi pamene mbewu zambiri za mbatata zimapangidwira. Kubzala kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, kukolola kumatha kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala.
Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa zone zosakaniza (35% ya dera lonse la mbatata). Kuphatikizapo zigawo za Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, gawo la zigawo za Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing municipality, Tibet. Mbatata yomwe imapangidwa m'derali imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti idye mwatsopano. Kubzala kumachitika kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala, kukolola - kuyambira February mpaka Epulo.
Chigawo chapakati cha kubzala kawiri (10% ya malo onse omwe amamera mbatata). Zimaphatikizapo zigawo za Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong ndi Henan. Mbewu zomwe zimatsatiridwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyedwa mwatsopano ndikutumizidwa kunja. Kubzala kwa masika kumachitika kuyambira February mpaka Marichi, kukolola - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni. Mbatata yophukira imabzalidwa mu Julayi-Ogasiti ndikukololedwa mu Okutobala-November.
Zone ya mbewu yachisanu (5% ya dera lonse). Zimaphatikizapo zigawo za Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi ndi Hainan. Mbatata yomwe imapangidwa m'derali idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano komanso kutumiza kunja. Kubzala kumachitika mu Okutobala - Novembala, kukolola - mu February - Marichi.
Maboma a Sichuan, Gansu, Guizhou, Yunnan ndi Inner Mongolia ndi omwe amatsogolera pakupanga mbatata ku China, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 60% yazokolola.
Zotsatira za 2022/23
Kuchuluka kwa zokolola za mbatata zatsopano mu nyengo ya 2022/23 (Seputembala mpaka Ogasiti) ndi pafupifupi matani 93 miliyoni, omwe ndi otsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za chaka chatha (95 miliyoni matani). Chomwe chadzetsa kutsika kwa nkhokweyi ndi kuchepa kwa madera omwe amafesedwa kumpoto, alimi ena adaika patsogolo ulimi wa soya, pomwe boma lidakhazikitsa njira zingapo zolimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewuyi.
Malinga ndi magwero amakampani, mtundu wa mbatata zatsopano nyengo ino unali wotsika kuposa masiku onse. Mavutowa amayamba chifukwa cha nyengo: mu June 2022, mvula yambiri inagwa m'madera a kumpoto, ndipo kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa China makamaka ku Inner Mongolia, kunali kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku panthawi ya kukula.
Kutengera ndi data yochokera ku Frozen Fry Exports Exports Exports, 2022 (USDA, GAIN)
Zowoneka
Asayansi amalosera kuti chakudya cha China chidzawonjezeka ndi matani oposa 100 miliyoni pachaka (CIP, 2020), koma kuchepa kwa nthaka yolimidwa chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa mizinda sikuthandiza kukulitsa ulimi wambewu ku China (Burney et al., 2010; Gu et. al., 2019), ndipo mbatata ikuyembekezeka kuwerengera 50% ya kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'zaka 20 zikubwerazi (https://cipotato.org/crops/potato/). Kuchulukitsa kwa mbatata sikukhala kophweka, komabe, chifukwa China imayika patsogolo mbewu zambewu ndi mafuta. Asayansi akuganiza zothetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito malo olimidwa m’nyengo yozizira, amene amakhala osalimidwa akakolola mpunga mochedwa kum’mwera kwa China (mahekitala pafupifupi 16 miliyoni). Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a dziko lino atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbatata (Qu et al., 2005).
M'malipoti ovomerezeka pazayembekezo zakukula kwa mbatata ku China, zimadziwika kuti zokolola m'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zikubwerazi zidzakula pang'onopang'ono: madera ndi zokolola zidzakula ndi pafupifupi 0.5 ndi 1.3% pachaka, motsatana.
Ndemanga
Dr. Hu Bai Geng, General Manager wa Xisen Potato Indastrial Group Company Limited
- Chigawo chakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Heilongjiang ndi kum'mawa kwa zigawo za Inner Mongolia zimadziwika kuti ndizoyenera kulima mbatata. Maderawa amasiyanitsidwa ndi dothi lachonde komanso nyengo yabwino kwambiri.
Mbatata amalimidwa mosinthana mbewu ndi mbewu zina. Mndandanda wawo nthawi zambiri umaphatikizapo chimanga, tirigu, kabichi waku China, anyezi wobiriwira, etc.
Kuphulika mochedwa, mwendo wakuda, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, etc. amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri a mbatata ku China. Mndandanda wa tizirombo tomwe tikuyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi tizirombo tanthaka, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi zina.
Alimi amagwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi China pantchito yawo. Opitilira 30% okhala ndi olima ali ndi obzala, 25% amakolola mbatata pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokolola; makampani akuluakulu a mbatata amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi nthawi yonse yakukula, kubzala, kusamalira ndi kukolola.
Alimi ambiri amagulitsa malonda awo kudzera m'makampani omwe ali pakati, ndipo alimi ena amagulitsanso mbatata m'misika yam'deralo. Alimi sapereka mbatata mwachindunji ku masitolo akuluakulu, ndipo kagawo kakang'ono ka mbatata kamene kamakhala kokonzekera kugulitsidwa.
Gawo la zokolola zikatha kukolola zimayikidwa kuti zisungidwe. Ku China, pali malo osungira amakono okwanira okhala ndi zida zopumira mpweya komanso mafiriji.
Xisen Potato Industry Co. Ltd. ndi bizinesi yaulimi yaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito yoweta mbatata, kupanga mbewu (kuphatikiza machubu ang'onoang'ono), kukonza ndi kupanga zakudya kuchokera ku mbatata. Likulu la kampaniyo lili ku Laoling City, m'chigawo cha Shandong.
Kampaniyo imalima mbatata ku Inner Mongolia ndi Kumpoto kwa Hebei pamalo okwana mahekitala 26,667. Chaka chilichonse amatulutsa mahekitala 6,667 a mbewu zopanda ma virus.
Mbatata yambiri imabzalidwa pa ulimi wothirira; kampaniyo ili ndi ma seti pafupifupi 800 a machitidwe ozungulira amthirira omwe ali nawo. Kusungirako zinthu, malo amakono osungira mbatata okhala ndi matani 450,000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kampaniyo pachaka imapanga matani 12.5 zikwi za mbatata.