Kusintha kwanyengo kukukulitsa chilala pazachilengedwe zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti zida zatsopano zapangidwa kuti zizindikire ndi kuyesa kupsinjika kwa chilala m'zomera-makina otchedwa transcriptomic kapena metabolomic teknoloji, ndi zina zotero-zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito muzinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka kumadera akutali ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Tsopano, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu magazini Zochitika mu Plant Science imapereka njira zingapo zomwe zimathandiza ofufuza kuti azindikire ndikuwunika kupsinjika kwachilala m'zomera m'njira yotsika mtengo, yosavuta komanso yachangu. Olemba kafukufukuyu ndi akatswiri Sergi Munné-Bosch ndi Sabina Villadangos, ochokera ku Faculty of Biology ndi Institute for Research on Biodiversity (IRBio) ya yunivesite ya Barcelona.
Kulimbana ndi chilala pa zomera
Njira zomwe zilipo kuti zizindikire ndikuwunika zotsatira za chilala kupsinjika muzomera kumachokera ku njira zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo (kukula kapena kusanthula kwamadzi) kupita ku njira zovuta komanso zodula (maukadaulo a omics).
Pulofesa wa UB Sergi Munné-Bosch, pulofesa wa dipatimenti ya Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, akufotokoza kuti matekinoloje atsopanowa “apereka mipata yatsopano yozindikira ndi kuyang’anira vuto la chilala, koma mtengo wake umapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana padziko lonse lapansi.”
“Mwatsoka, masiku ano dziko lonse lapansi likukhudzidwa ndi kusowa kwa madzi, makamaka momwe zinthu zilili panopa. kusintha kwa nyengo tikukumana nazo. Ndipo, mwatsoka, mayiko omwe ali ndi chuma chocheperako nawonso. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mayiko ambiri osauka kwambiri ali mu Afirika, komwe kulinso madera ouma ndi ouma kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.”
Ma Laboratories okhala ndi zida zoyambira
Phunziroli limayankha kufunikira kokhazikitsa ndondomeko zogwira mtima komanso zotsika mtengo kuti zizindikire mosavuta ndikuphunzira momwe chilala chimakhudzira zomera. Mwachindunji, olembawo amapereka batri la njira zopezeka kwambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zipangizo za labotale: molondola, microscope, centrifuge, spectrophotometer, uvuni, kamera ndi kompyuta.
Ma laboratorieswa amatha kusanthula magawo osiyanasiyana mitengo ya kukula, madzi a masamba, ma pigments ndi mphamvu ya masamba pogwiritsa ntchito tetrazolium test, organic heterocyclic compound yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu maphunziro a zomera.
"Ndi zizindikiro izi, titha kupeza chithunzi chonse cha mitundu yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi nyengo inayake, kapena momwe mbewu yoperekedwa imayankhira kusintha kwa nyengo m'dera lomwe lili ndi kusintha kwa nyengo," akutero Munné-Bosch.
"Njira zonsezi ndizosavuta kuchita. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lapadera litha kusonkhanitsidwa munthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti lipange miyeso mwachangu komanso moyenera. Ndipo atha kukhazikitsidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri, motero ndi njira zodalirika padziko lonse lapansi,” akutero wofufuzayo.
Mayeso a tetrazolium: Kubwereranso zakale
Pakafukufuku wachiwiri m'magazini yomweyi, gululi likuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a tetrazolium ngati njira yothandiza komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito poyesa zotsatira za chilala pa zomera. “Kuyesa kumeneku sikungotithandiza kuzindikira ngati selo, minofu kapena chiwalo chili chamoyo kapena chakufa, komanso ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri cha moyo wake wautali; m'mawu ena, ndi chida chasayansi chomwe chimatithandizira kuneneratu kuti chomera chidzakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza makamaka pakuwongolera zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso mapulogalamu oteteza zachilengedwe, makamaka momwe nyengo ikusinthira, "akutero wofufuzayo.
Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zimalimbikitsa kafukufuku wa momwe zomera zimasinthira ku chilengedwe chatsopano. "Kuposa chilimbikitso, ichi ndi chofunikira. Anthu amayenera kuzolowera kusintha kwanyengo, ndipo nthawi zonse azichita bwino limodzi ndi chilengedwe, ndikuphatikizana nazo. Ndipo kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kudziwa zachilengedwe ndi zamoyo zonse zomwe zimakhala mbali yake, kuphatikiza zomera, "akutero Munné-Bosch.
Kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida zabwino zasayansi ndikutsimikiza kupanga mapulani oyang'anira ndikuteteza zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. "Phunziroli limathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino za momwe zomera zimayankhira chilala pazochitika za kusintha kwa nyengo, ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, zingakhale zothandiza pamapulogalamu oyendetsera zachilengedwe," anatero wofufuza wa UB Sabina Villadangos.
Kafukufukuyu amapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kuti njirazi zikhazikitsidwe padziko lonse lapansi. "Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati mayiko onse sakugwirizanitsa zinthu zomwe zikuwonekeratu, zotsatira za kusintha kwa dziko lapansi zidzakhala zoopsa," akumaliza Sergi Munné-Bosch.