M'mwezi wa Epulo 2021 tidakumana ndi kuzizira kouma komwe sikunawoneke kwazaka zingapo.
Kusamukira mu Meyi madera ambiri alandila, kapena atsala pang'ono kulandira, mvula yofunikira kwambiri pamodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuzizira, ngakhale kwakanthawi. Kutsatira kuzizira kozizira kwambiri theka loyamba la kasupe izi zitha kubweretsanso mavuto ena. Mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa kale zitha kukhala zokonzeka kumenyedwa pamwamba pa nthaka.
Kodi kasupe wozizira angakhudze bwanji zisankho za kasamalidwe ka mbatata?
Rhizoctonia solani zikhala pachiwopsezo kuyang'anira makamaka koyambirira kwa nyengo. Zipatso zikuluzikulu zitha kuukiridwa kenako pambuyo pake - tsinde lake limakhala pachiwopsezo. Zizindikiro zitha kuwoneka ngati zikumera zakuda, ndikupangitsa kuti zikamera zazing'ono zikule - izi zimatha kutenga kachilomboka. Mphukira sizingachitike pangozi yayikulu.
Njira zowongolera Rhizoctonia mu mbewu za mbatata pambuyo kasupe wozizira:
Kuwongolera mankhwala a Rhizoctonia mu mbewu za mbatata
Zosankha zamankhwala zomwe zilipo pakadali pano ngati chithandizo chodzitchinjiriza Rhizoctonia solani ndi flutolonil, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil ndi fluxapyroxad. Komabe palinso zochitika zatsopano zomwe zikuphatikizapo njira zachilengedwe komanso zosankha zamankhwala.
Zosankha zopanda mankhwala ndi IPM zowongolera Rhizoctonia mu mbewu za mbatata
Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukufulumira ndipo kukuzindikirika ngati njira ina yotetezera mbeu ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuwongolera kwachilengedwe komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la njira yodzala IPM ya mbatata ya mbewu tsopano ikuwerengedwa ngati njira ina Rhizoctonia solani. Mabakiteriya achilengedwe achilengedwe monga mitundu ina ya Pseudomonas sp amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lachilengedwe. Njira iyi imapereka mulingo woyenera wa ntchito zodzitetezera ndipo imavomerezedwa kuti achepetse Rhizoctonia solani pa mbatata ya mbewu. Makampani angapo olima maluwa tsopano akuyang'ana njirayi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha bakiteriya, mwachitsanzo Bacillus, akuyesedwa kale ngati njira ina yothanirana ndi matendawa. Zina mwa njira zophatikizira kasamalidwe ka tizirombo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano, ndi njira zina za biofumigation.
Rhizoctonia mu mbewu za mbatata - fayilo yoona:
Rhizoctonia solani ndi mbeu yokhayo yomwe imapezeka m'nthaka komanso mbewu zomwe zimapezeka mumtengowu, kuphatikizapo mbatata, padziko lonse lapansi. Mbeu zopatsirana ndi inoculum zomwe zilipo kale m'nthaka ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Zizindikiro za Rhizoctonia mu mbewu za mbatata
Matendawa amayambitsa zofooka zambiri monga stolon ndi stem cankers; komabe zolakwika pakutha kwa khungu monga "scurf wakuda" yoyambitsidwa ndi sclerotia, zilembo za "khungu la njovu", zolakwika ndi zotumphukira za tuber ndizofotokozedwanso bwino. Rhizoctonia solani itha kuchititsanso kuti 30% itaye zokolola chifukwa chakuchepetsa masitolo.
Rhizoctonia ndi mbatata - moyo wautali
Kutalika kwa matendawa kwadzutsa chidwi ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kulima. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda topinters monga sclerotia ndi mycelium pa ma tubers omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, komanso zotsalira zazomera ndi dothi zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kale.
Kodi ndimikhalidwe iti yomwe imakonda Rhizoctonia mu mbewu za mbatata?
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimathandizira kuchulukitsa ndi matenda m'matumba a mbatata:
kutentha
Nthawi zambiri mbatata zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yotentha kuno ku UK ndipo zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Rhizoctonia ndi matenda azomera zosakhwima ndipo zitha kuwononga kwambiri dothi pakati pa 16 - 23 ° C ku UK, ndikuchepetsa kukwiya ngati dothi likutentha. Chomeracho chikatengera nthawi yayitali, chimatha kutenga kachilombo ka Rhizoctonia.
chinyezi Rhizoctonia imakonda kuzizira kozizira.
Mtundu wa dothi Nthaka za Sandier zokhala ndi ma pores ndi ming'alu zambiri zitha kupatsa mwayi kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kuyenda kwambiri.
Kuzama kwa kubzala Bzalani mozama kwambiri ngati mungabzale kwambiri mbewuyo imatha kupatsidwabe matenda - bzalani osaya kwambiri kuli chiopsezo chobzala zipatso.
Ma Nematode Pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti matenda angayambitsidwe ndi zomera monga namsongole monga njira zina zopangira nematode. Mitundu ina ya tiziromboti (PPNs) yapezeka kuti imathandizira matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nematode kumizu ya chomeracho.
Njira zoyendetsera Rhizoctonia mu mbewu za mbatata
Chithandizo cha mbewu chimawerengedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matendawa. Komabe ndikuchotsa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza tubers pakubzala, komanso mukamasunga; tsopano kukufunika kwambiri kumvetsetsa kufunika kwa njira yophatikizira kasamalidwe ka tizilombo pofuna kuchepetsa zoopsa.
- Ngati kuli kotheka sankhani zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi khungu lofulumira.
- Onani kuchuluka kwa inoculum m'nthaka poyesa kuyesa kupezeka kwa inoculum komanso zamoyo zomwe zimapezeka m'nthaka kuphatikiza PCN ndi mitundu ina ya nematode.
- Ganizirani za mbeu kapena mbeu m'nthaka (mankhwala kapena zamoyo) zikafunika
- Sankhani mbewu yoyesedwa, yotsimikizika ndi yoyera
- Bzalani kutentha pamwamba pa 8 ° C kuti muthamangitse kutuluka ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha tsinde
- Kutaya kwa Dol not dump komwe kudadzaza ma tubers m'minda yamatumba yamtsogolo popeza imatha kukhala magwero a inoculum.
- Sinthani kasinthasintha - onjezani kasinthasintha kulikonse komwe kungatheke kuti muchepetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka
Kuti mumve zambiri, onani kujambula kwa webusayiti ya AHDB ndi Dr Matt Back, Harper Adams University, UK; kwa omwe timathokoza chifukwa chothandizira pankhaniyi:
Onani Zowunika Zomaliza za R422 kuti mumve zambiri za kasamalidwe ka Rhizoctonia.