#PotatoExpo #Agriculture #SustainableFarming #RuralDevelopment #InternationalTrade #Agronomy #CropScience #Agribusiness #CulturalTourism #FoodSecurity #China Agriculture
Woyang'anira wamkulu wa China Food 365 Network adamva kuchokera kwa mkuluyo kuti Agricultural Trade Promotion Center ya Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi ya People's Republic of China idzachita chionetsero cha 13th China International Potato Industry Expo ku Tengzhou, m'chigawo cha Shandong kuyambira pa Okutobala 23 mpaka 25, 2023.
Chiwonetsero cha 13 cha International Potato Industry Expo (chotchedwa "Potato Expo") chikutsatira malangizo ofunikira a Mlembi Wamkulu Xi Jinping pa "lingaliro lalikulu la chakudya", atenga njira yowonetsera munda kwa nthawi yoyamba, akuphatikiza ulimi wamakono, chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. zokopa alendo, miyambo dera, etc. Element, malinga ndi zolinga za internationalization, specialization, marketization, informatization, ndi chizindikiro, kumalimbitsa mgwirizano ndi mabungwe makampani ndi mabungwe akatswiri, ndi kuitana ogula apamwamba ndi ogulitsa nawo nawo msonkhano kudzera msika. -ntchito zokhazikika, kuyesetsa kupanga chiwonetsero chimodzi ku Asia. Yaikulu munda chionetsero cha mbewu. Cholinga cha chiwonetserochi ndikumanga nsanja yosinthira mbatata yapadziko lonse lapansi, kukulitsa kukula kwa msika wambatata wamba, kumanga bizinesi yonse ya mbatata, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba chamakampani a mbatata, kulimbikitsa kukonzanso kumidzi, ndikukwaniritsa. ubwino wamba.
Cholinga cha chiwonetserochi ndikumanga nsanja yosinthira mbatata padziko lonse lapansi, kukulitsa kukula kwa msika wa mbatata ku Tengzhou, kukhazikitsa mafakitale a Tengzhou ngati "Town of Potatoes ku China", kumanga bizinesi yonse ya mbatata, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chambiri. kutukuka kwamakampani a mbatata, kulimbikitsa kutsitsimuka kumidzi, ndikupeza chitukuko cha Common.
Cholinga ndikupangitsa Tengzhou, mzinda wabwino ku China komanso Tengzhou yamakono, komwe ndi malo a International Potato Expo, kukhala malo opangira mbatata kudera lachiwiri la China, komanso mtsogoleri wa lamba wobzala mbatata padziko lonse lapansi. pa 35 ° kumpoto latitude. Khalani malo owonetsera kukonzanso kumidzi ku China. Ndilo mtundu woyamba wa mbatata zaku China. Monga Chinese gourmet 365 gourmet inspector: Ndikuuzani nkhani ya mbatata.
Mbatata, mbewu yowoneka ngati wamba, idasankhidwa ndi France kukhala "mbewu zokopa" m'zaka chikwi chatsopano chifukwa chokhala ndi zakudya zambiri zambewu, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zipatso, komanso chifukwa chakuti anthu opitilira 1 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi zakudya zambiri. adazidya monga zakudya zokhazikika kwa zaka zambiri. Chimodzi mwa zochitika khumi zapamwamba pakupita patsogolo kwa chitukuko cha anthu m'zaka 1000 zapitazo ". dziko langa ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi mbatata zolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo malo obzala ndi kutulutsa kwa mbatata ndi mbatata ndi malo oyamba padziko lapansi. Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha malonda a mbatata ndikuchitanso gawo labwino la malonda a mbatata popititsa patsogolo chitukuko chaulimi cha dziko langa, kuonjezera ndalama za alimi, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha chakudya cha dziko lonse, Agricultural Trade Promotion Center ya Unduna wa Zaulimi yachita. China International Potato Industry Expo kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu zotsatizana kuyambira 2010. (zotchedwa "Potato Expo").
Pa October 23-25 chaka chino, 13th "International Potato Expo" adakhazikikanso ku Tengzhou City, Zaozhuang City, Province la Shandong, kukopa owonetsa oposa 100 ochokera m'mayiko a 9 kuphatikizapo Netherlands, United States, ndi Canada kuti atenge nawo mbali. chiwonetsero. Zinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa sayansi, kupanga, kukonza, kusunga, kunyamula, ndi kugulitsa mbewu za mbatata monga mbatata, mbatata, chinangwa, ndi zilazi. Poyang'ana pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa "lingaliro lalikulu lazakudya" la Secretary General Xi Jinping, njira ya "kukhazikitsa lingaliro lalikulu lazakudya ndikulimbikitsa kutukuka kwa anthu onse" idaperekedwa pakuthandizira kwa mbatata pakuchepetsa umphawi ndi chitukuko.
Pofuna kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi njira zopangira zakudya zambatata komanso njira yotukula mafakitale, "Potato Expo" yachaka chino yakhazikitsa malo abwino kwambiri komanso khitchini yazakudya zambatata kuti alimbikitse zakudya zazikulu za mbatata ndi mbale kudzera m'ziwonetsero zapamalo, zokometsera, ndi kusankha zakudya zapadera za mbatata. Panthawi yomweyi, ntchito monga "Potato Industry Development Forum", "China-Netherlands Potato Storage and Processing Technology Docking Event", "Asia-Pacific Potato Mechanization Forum" ndi zina zinachitikira. Kudzera mu ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri, "Potato Expo" yakhazikitsa njira yolumikizirana yolimbikitsira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndikusinthana pamakampani a mbatata, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chabwino chamakampani a mbatata mdziko langa, ndikuwunika kukula kwamakampani azakudya zambatata. . Wu Qi, academician wa Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huang Sanwen, pulezidenti wa Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Jin Liping, pulezidenti wa Potato Professional Committee ya Chinese Crop Society, akatswiri mayiko oitanidwa ndi International Potato Center, ndi mamembala. ndi National Potato Industry Technology Innovation Alliance.
Mbatata ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kukhala zokazinga, zokazinga, zophika, zokazinga kwambiri, zokazinga, zophika, zophika, zokazinga, zokazinga, kapena "zofufuma". Kuyambira pomwe Unduna wa Zaulimi udakhazikitsa njira yopangira zakudya za mbatata koyambirira kwa chaka chatha, anthu aku China adazindikira pang'onopang'ono ubwino wake wazakudya, ndipo agwiritsa ntchito nzeru zawo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zaku China zophikira kuti apange zakudya zabwino za mbatata. Tikayang'ana zochitika, ziribe kanthu kalembedwe kapena kukoma, ndizodabwitsa monga kusintha kwa Sun Monkey makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi awiri.
Komiti Yokonza Chiwonetsero cha Mbatata inakonza mwapadera kusonkhanitsa kwa “Zakudya za Mbatata 100 za ku China” theka la chaka chapitacho. "Potato Gourmet Kitchen", yokonzedwa ndi Aiquanshu Brand Management Company, inawonetsa zotsatira zosonkhanitsa pa Potato Expo. Zakudya zosiyanasiyana za mbatata zochokera m'dziko lonselo zasokoneza chikhalidwe cha mtolankhani cha momwe amadyera mbatata. Makamaka, chiwonetsero cha kukonza ndi kupanga zakudya zabwino za mbatata pamalo apakati sikuti amangolola anthu kuti azingoyang'ana mozemba ndikuwona ndikukhulupirira, komanso amalola anthu kulawa ndi pakamwa pawo komanso kumva chithumwa chazakudya za mbatata ndi nsonga ya malirime awo. Konzani alendo kuti aone ndikufufuza momwe mafakitale akumaloko, chikhalidwe chawo, komanso mawonekedwe atsopano akumidzi.
Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zakudya zokoma zomwe "Potato Gourmet Kitchen" yakukonzerani: mabasi otenthedwa a mbatata, masikono a mbatata, masikono a mbatata, zokhwasula-khwasula za mbatata, Zakudyazi za mbatata, zikondamoyo za mbatata, zokazinga za ku France, ma dumplings a mbatata , mbatata yosenda, mbatata yaiwisi. madzi… Ndi chabe “Manchu Phwando” mu dziko mbatata. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi keke ya mbatata yamitundu iwiri yokhala ndi mainchesi awiri, ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi mbatata kuti awonere.
Panthawi yopempha "100 Potato Delicacy", mabizinesi ambiri adapereka zinthu zawo zabwino kwambiri. Kupanga kwakukulu kwa ufa wa mbatata ndi mizati ya maluwa yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi New East Valley imakhala ndi mavitamini, mchere ndi zakudya zina; chakumwa cha mbatata choperekedwa ndi Xisen Group chimasunga mbatata zofiirira zapamwamba kwambiri. Zinthu monga anthocyanins ndi polyphenols; Palinso "Fangshan Fried Evil" yochokera ku Shanxi, yomwe imaphatikizira chikhalidwe chazakudya cham'madera kukhala zakudya zambatata, zomwe zimakopa chidwi; Wophika mbatata ku Beijing a Zhang Aiguo adabweretsa zokhwasula-khwasula zosiyanasiyana za mbatata, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wophika kuphika mabisiketi am'kamwa a mbatata ndi zokometsera; palinso madzi a mbatata atsopano ofinyidwa kuchokera ku mbatata yofiirira, yomwe ili ndi kukoma kwapadera…Aloleni ogula amvetse mwachidwi kuti mbatata imatha kupanga zakudya zabwino kwambiri, ndiyeno amalola Idyani mbatata zambiri. “
Bungwe la United Nations limatchula mbatata kuti ndi imodzi mwa zakudya zinayi zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi, osati chifukwa chakuti ndi zokoma komanso zosunthika, komanso chifukwa chokhala ndi zakudya zambiri, choncho bungwe la United Nations limachitcha "chakudya changwiro". Malinga ndi akatswiri a kadyedwe kake, mbatata ili ndi vitamini wokwanira kwambiri pakati pa mbewu zonse, ndipo zomwe zili mu kaloti zimawirikiza kawiri, kabichi waku China ku China, kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa tomato, komanso kuwirikiza kanayi maapulo omwe ali mu vitamini B. . Makamaka, mbatata imakhala ndi carotene ndi vitamini C zomwe sizipezeka mumbewu yambewu. Vitamini C yomwe ili mu mbatata imachulukitsa kakhumi kuposa maapulo, ndipo imalimbana ndi kutentha.
Kuwonjezera pa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, mbatata imakhalanso ndi zolinga ziwiri za mbewu, masamba, chakudya, ndi kukonza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, amakolola zambiri, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, komanso zopindulitsa pazachuma, ndipo ali ndi zabwino zambiri zokolola. Chifukwa mbatata imadya madzi ambiri, kuwala, ndi nthaka pagawo lililonse ndipo imatulutsa zopatsa mphamvu zambiri komanso mapuloteni apamwamba kuposa mbewu wamba, imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazosankha zabwino kwambiri zothanirana ndi kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali chakudya chokwanira komanso chakudya chokwanira. . Poganizira momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira, mbatata sizikhudza kwambiri chilengedwe kuposa mbewu zonse zazikulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenerera, malo omwe amafunikira kutulutsa kilogalamu imodzi ya nyemba ndi kuwirikiza katatu potulutsa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbatata, ndipo malo ofunikira kutulutsa kilogalamu imodzi ya mpunga ndi kuwirikiza kawiri potulutsa kilogalamu imodzi ya mbatata. Mbatata imafuna madzi okwanira theka la nyemba ndi kotala la mpunga. Mpweya wa carbon dioxide wa mbatata ndi 30% wa macaroni ndi 18% wa mpunga. Ngati zokolola za mbatata zikanapitilira kukula mofanana ndi momwe mbewu zina zakhalira zaka 20 zapitazi, sikungakhale kulemetsa chilengedwe.
Komanso, kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ya mbatata ndi mwayi wina waukulu wa izo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, banki yosungira mbatata kudziko langa komanso magulu osiyanasiyana oweta okha asunga zida zopitilira 5,000 za ma germplasms, adawunika ndikuzindikira zida zopitilira 2,000 za majeremusi, ndikuwunika zambiri zolimbana ndi matenda, zolimbana ndi chilala, zolimbana ndi chisanu komanso zapamwamba. zoswana. Kuzindikiritsa ndi kuunika kwa makhalidwe ofunikira monga khalidwe la tuber, kukana matenda ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwakhazikitsidwa.
China ndi amodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi mbatata zolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira mbatata idayambitsidwa ku China ndi amalonda aku Portugal zaka 400 zapitazo, pang'onopang'ono yakhala membala wofunikira pazakudya zazikulu zobzalidwa m'dziko langa. Pakadali pano, dziko la China ndilomwe limapanga mbatata zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo 28% ya mbatata zonse padziko lapansi zimalimidwa. Kwa zaka zambiri, maboma m'madera onse m'dziko langa akhala akuwona kufunika kwakukulu pa chitukuko cha malonda a mbatata, ndikuchitenga ngati njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera chakudya, kulimbikitsa kuthetsa umphawi ndi chitukuko, komanso kuonjezera ndalama za alimi. Pakadali pano, kulima mbatata kwafalikira m'dziko lonselo, ndi malo obzala pafupifupi 84 miliyoni mu, ndikupanga malo olima kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika komanso chithandizo champhamvu chaukadaulo wokhudzana ndiulimi, msika wa mbatata waku China wakula mwachangu, machulukidwe azachuma akulitsidwa bwino, magulu azogulitsa akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo mphamvu zamabizinesi zikupitilira kukula. Indasitaleyi 'pang'onopang'ono ikukhala gawo lalikulu pazaulimi waluso komanso zomangamanga zamakono."
Ngakhale kuti dera la mbatata za dziko langa ndi zokolola zili patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi, mphamvu zamafakitale zikadali zazikulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zofananira za FAO, zokolola za chimanga ndi soya zawonjezeka kaŵiri m’zaka 20 zapitazi, ndipo mpunga wakula ndi 40 peresenti. Zokolola za mbatata zidakwera pang'ono, pa 18%. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, ku China kumadya mbatata pafupifupi 42 kg / chaka, zomwe ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimadya kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimadya mbatata. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mbatata zatsopano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale amakono opanga mbatata ndizosakwana 5% yazotulutsa zonse mdziko muno, ndipo malo opangirapo ndiakulu. . Choncho, malonda a mbatata akudziko langa akadali ndi malo ambiri oti asinthe.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani a mbatata ku China, tiyenera kukulitsa kukula kwa msika wa mbatata, ndikuchita nawo kafukufuku wasayansi wofunikira komanso kupanga kutengera msika; tiyenera kulimbikitsa luso losiyanasiyana lofunikira pakukula kwa mafakitale, ndikuwongolera bwino kafukufuku wasayansi, kukonza, kupanga, ndi kusunga. ndi luso la kasamalidwe; kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira zachilengedwe zaku China, ndikukulitsa malo obzala mbatata, kukonza zokolola za mbatata pagawo lililonse, kukhazikitsa njira zolimba zamafakitale zomwe zimafunikira pakukula kwa mafakitale, ndikupereka chithandizo chonse kuchokera ku mfundo, ukadaulo, zachuma, ndi misika. . Kutumikira.
Ndi luso laukadaulo, mbatata yonse yamafakitale kuyambira kubzala mpaka kukonza ndikudya m'dziko langa ikupita patsogolo, makamaka ntchito yopanga mbatata yakula mwachangu. Wang Wei, wapampando wa Komiti ya Potato Food ku China Food Industry Committee, adati kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, makamaka kulimbikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje omwe akubwera, kupititsa patsogolo kupititsa patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa kubzala mbatata, kubzala, kusunga ndi kunyamula, kukonza kupanga kwaukhondo, kasamalidwe, kagawidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu. . Boma lakhazikitsa pulojekiti yothandizira pokonza zoyambira zaulimi, ndipo zipinda zosungirako mbatata zokwana 41,000 zamangidwa m'maboma 14 m'dziko lonselo, ndikusungirako kwatsopano matani 1.16 miliyoni. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa kusungirako mbatata kwapangitsa kuti mafakitale ake a pulayimale, sekondale ndi apamwamba apite patsogolo.
M'chaka, 480,000 mu mbatata ya kasupe mumzinda wa Tengzhou, m'chigawo cha Shandong analandira zokolola zambiri. Tikuyenda mu mzinda wa Longyang, mzinda wa Tengzhou, okolola mbatata ambiri akubangula, akuchotsa matope, kusanja, matumba, ndi kulongedza… “Mitengo ya mbatata ndi yabwino chaka chino. Mtengo wamalo onse uli pakati pa 1.7 ndi 1.9 yuan. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola pa mu ndi pafupifupi 8,000 catties, ndipo ndalama zambiri pa mu ndi pafupifupi 12,000 yuan. Ndipo zinthu zikusoŵa.” Mlimi wa Li Mbatata wochokera ku Congtiao Village, Longyang Town, Tengzhou City Yusheng adatero.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mzinda wa Tengzhou udayang'ana kwambiri pakukhazikitsa njira yotsitsimutsa kumidzi, adamvetsetsa bwino zamakampani opindulitsa komanso odziwika bwino a mbatata, adapanga njira yachitukuko, kukulitsa ndi kukulitsa unyolo wa mafakitale, kupukuta mtundu wa mbatata ya Tengzhou, ndikupanga "mtundu wokwezeka. ” yamakampani a mbatata.
Longyang Town ndiye malo opangira mbatata ku Tengzhou. Malo obzala mbatata pachaka masika ndi autumn amafika 56,000 mu, ndipo malo opangirako okhazikika amafika 35,000 mu. %. 74.8% ya alimi ku Longyang Town akubzala mbatata, ndipo ndalama zomwe anthu akumidzi amapeza ndi 23,090 yuan, zomwe ndi 10.5% kuposa za Tengzhou City. Mu 2022, Longyang Town idzaphatikizidwa mugulu lakhumi ndi chiwiri la matauni owonetsera "mudzi umodzi, chinthu chimodzi" ndi mndandanda wa 2022 wa matauni omwe ali ndi malonda akumidzi omwe ali ndi mtengo woposa yuan biliyoni imodzi.
"Zomwe tachita m'tawuni yathu lero sizingochitika chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwa komiti yachipani komanso boma pazaulimi, komanso chifukwa chowongolera bwino komanso chitetezo cha mbatata nthawi zonse, zomwe zatchuka pamsika." Longyang Town, Tengzhou City Agricultural Comprehensive Cao Changgong, woyang'anira ntchitoyo, adatero.
Ubwino ndi chitetezo chazinthu zaulimi (7.220, -0.01, -0.14%) nthawi zonse zakhala "njira yamoyo" ya Longyang Town. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti mbatata imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaulimi komanso zakudya zobiriwira, Longyang Town idayamba ndikulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa ukadaulo waulimi, kuchepetsa feteleza ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito, kuyezetsa nthaka ndikuyika feteleza, kuphatikiza madzi ndi feteleza, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kawopsedwe wochepa komanso wotsalira pang'ono, komanso kupewa komanso kuwongolera matenda ndi tizilombo towononga tizilombo. ndi matekinoloje ena opanga zobiriwira adzalimbikitsidwa mtawuni yonseyi, ndipo njira yoyang'anira zaulimi ndi chitetezo, msika wogulitsa, zida zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zomanga zina zofananira zidzafulumizitsidwa kuti apange njira yolumikizirana ndi makina aulimi mothandizidwa ndi kuyesa kwazinthu zaulimi, kukonza makina, ndi ntchito zambiri. Onetsetsani "kulumikizana kopanda msoko" pakati pa kutuluka ndi kupeza msika wazinthu zaulimi.
Kuyenda mu Tengyang Selenium-yolemeretsa Potato Professional Cooperative, "Tengyang Selenium-yolemeretsedwa" pabokosi lopakira ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Wapampando a He Xingming adati molimbikitsidwa ndi chitsogozo cha komiti ya chipani cha tawuni ndi boma, adatsogolera anthu akumudzi kuti amange malo oyamba opangira mbatata opangidwa ndi selenium m'chigawo cha Shandong mu 2009 ndikupanga mtundu wa "Tengyang Selenium-enriched". Tsopano mtengo wa mbatata zokhala ndi selenium wafika 2 mpaka 3 kuposa wambatata wamba, ndipo matumba a alimi a mbatata akukulirakulira.
Poyang'ana pakupanga mtundu, Longyang Town yakhazikitsa njira yoyendetsedwa ndi mtundu mozama. Mbatata zamtawuniyi zapeza ziphaso 8 zazinthu zaulimi zopanda kuipitsidwa ndi chakudya chobiriwira, ndi malo ovomerezeka a 35,000 mu. "Tengzhou Potato" idalembetsedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi Wolembetsa Chizindikiro cha China Geographical Indication. Kuchulukirachulukira kwamtundu wamtunduwu kwatsegulanso njira yogulitsira malonda a "Tengzhou Mbatata". Pakalipano, malondawa agawidwa m'misika yambiri yodziwika bwino ya dziko monga Beijing Xinfadi ndi French Carrefour.
Kutukuka ndi chitukuko chamakampani a mbatata zikuwonetsa njira zolimba zomwe mzinda wa Tengzhou wachita polimbikitsa kutsitsimutsa kumidzi ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko wamba. Kusalekeza kwa mabungwe ambiri ogwira ntchito za alimi, mabizinesi osungira ndi firiji, misika yogulitsa zinthu zaulimi, komanso mabungwe ogula mbatata ndi ogulitsa omwe akuchita nawo ntchito yopanga mbatata ndikugulitsa nawonso awonjezera "kuwala kwa mbatata" ku nkhani yayikulu. kutsitsimutsa kumidzi. Alimi a mbatata ali kalikiliki kukolola, ndipo m’mundamo muli kukolola zochuluka. Ndikukula kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wobzala, kukolola kwa mbatata ku Tengzhou ndikuwonjezeranso chaka ndi chaka, kukhala "dzira lagolide" kwa anthu am'mudzimo kuti awonjezere ndalama zawo ndikukhala olemera.
M’dera lalikulu lopangira mbatata ku Jiehe Town, mumzinda wa Tengzhou, pamene wokololayo ankabangula, mbatata yachikasu ndi yozungulira inathyola pansi imodzi ndi imodzi. Alimiwo anali otanganidwa kusankha ndi kunyamula mbatata zatsopano ku dziko lonse mwamsanga. kulikonse.
Liu Jun, wachiwiri kwa meya wa Jiehe Town, Tengzhou City, adati tsopano ndi nthawi yoti mbatata zokhala ndi mafilimu ambiri zizikhazikika pamsika. Amalonda ochokera m'dziko lonselo amasonkhana ku Jiehe, ndipo mtengo wogulira mbatata wapamwamba wafika kupitilira 2 yuan pa cat, kukolola mbatata ndikupindula kawiri.
Ndi chitukuko chabwino cha zakudya zopangira mbatata, ufa wa mbatata ngati zopangira udzakumana ndi kufunikira kwakukulu, komwe kungalimbikitse kukula kwa mafakitale onse opangira ufa. Ningxia Xihaigu Guolian Potato Industry Co., Ltd. yapanga bwino njira yopangira ufa wonse kwa nthawi yoyamba mdziko muno, ndikubweretsa luso laukadaulo pamakampani onse opanga ufa wa mbatata. Malinga ndi a Huang Zhifu, manejala wa Guolian Potato Viwanda Co., Ltd., ufa wonsewo umapezeka posenda ndi kuyanika mbatata zatsopano, ndipo ukadaulo wake wopangira ndi zida zidatumizidwa kuchokera kunja chapakati pa 1990s. Zosakaniza za chakudya chofulumira. Chifukwa njira yonse yopanga ufa imaphatikizapo kuyanika ndi kuphika, imatchedwanso ufa wophika wonse. Komabe, kutentha kumayambitsa wowuma mu mbatata kuti gelatinize ndi kusungunula, chifukwa osauka agglomeration ndi nayonso mphamvu mphamvu pokonza chakudya chokhazikika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pali vuto la mapuloteni oxidative browning. Pansi pa izi, Guolian Potato Industry Co., Ltd. adapanga zatsopano ndikukonza njira yopangira ufa wa mbatata wosaphika, womwe ndi ufa wa mbatata watsopano.
"Ufa wosaphika uli ndi michere yonse mu mbatata yatsopano ndipo umasunga umphumphu ndi ntchito yake. Kupanga kwake ndizochitika zonse zakuthupi popanda zowonjezera. Kutentha kochepa muzochitika zonse kumatsimikizira kuti zigawo zonse ndi maselo a mbatata zimasungidwanso. Umphumphu ndi gawo laling'ono la wowuma waulere. " Huang Zhifu adati ufa wosaphika ukagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikizana ndi kuwira kwa mtanda kumakhala bwino kwambiri kuposa ufa wonse wophikidwa. "Chaka chino, tithandizana ndi mabizinesi ena kuti agwiritse ntchito mzere wa ufa wosaphika womwe umatulutsa matani 10,000 pachaka."
Chifukwa cha kukwera kwachuma kwachuma, ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga mbatata ndi zida ndi zinthu zatsopano zamayiko otukuka zikukwezedwa pamsika waku China mwachangu. Idzamanga nsanja yabwino yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko cha malonda a mbatata mdziko langa, kupititsa patsogolo kusinthanitsa ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikukulitsa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ili pamtunda wa mamita 3,800 m'mapiri a Andes, Nyanja ya "De Kaka" (yomasulira) ndi imodzi mwa nyanja zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Peru ndi Bolivia. Uwu ndiye mudzi wa mbewu yofunika kwambiri yazakudya za anthu - mbatata. Amwenye akale adasiya kudya mbatata kuno.
Pafupifupi zaka 7,000 zapitazo, mtundu wina wa amwenye unasamuka kuchokera kum’maŵa, kumene kuli nkhalango inamwaliyo m’mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Amazon, kupita kumapiri a Andes kumapiri a Alpine pofuna kupewa kuukiridwa ndi tizilombo takupha, nyama zakuthengo ndi mafuko ena. Anamanga msasa pafupi ndi Chigawo cha Nyanja, kumene mbatata zakutchire zinapezeka ndikuyamba kudyedwa.
Zigwa zozungulira nyanja ya Kaka ndi malo omwe chakudya chimakhala chosowa. Zogulitsa pano ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nkhalango zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Amazon. Kuno, chinangwa sichingamere bwino, chimanga sichingathe kubala zipatso bwinobwino, ndipo njala imawachititsa kufunafuna chakudya chatsopano akamasaka.
Pa nthawiyi, chozizwitsa chinaonekera. Anapeza mtundu wa chakudya chomwe chimamera pansi ndipo chikhoza kudyedwa - machubu a mbatata zakutchire. M’munsi mwa mapiri a Andes muli mitundu yambiri ya mbatata zakutchire. Kuyambira pamenepo, Amwenye akale ankagwiritsa ntchito mbatata monga chakudya chawo chachikulu.
Mbatata ndi mbewu za tuber. Tsinde lokwiriridwa pansi limatupa ndipo lili ndi wowuma wambiri, womwe ungapereke mphamvu zopatsa thanzi kwa odya. N’zosakayikitsa kuti kutulukira kwatsopano kumeneku kunapulumutsa Amwenye akale omwe anali ndi njala komanso kuchita manyazi panthawiyo. Anayatsa kuwala kwa moyo kuti atuluke.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, ubale pakati pa mbatata ndi Amwenye akale wakhala wogwirizana kwambiri. Malinga ndi nthano yakale yomwe yaperekedwa mpaka lero, mbatata imatengedwa kuti ndi mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu kwa Amwenye okhala m'mapiri a mapiri a alpine. M'madera ozungulira Nyanja ya Kaka, kubzala mbatata ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zaulimi. Pakati pa nsembe ndi zikondwerero za anthu amtundu wakomweko, chikondwerero chofunika kwambiri ndi Phwando la Mbatata.
Masiku ano, zaka zoposa 7,000 pambuyo pake, mbatata zaphuka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo dziko langa lakhalanso dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lolima mbatata. Mbatata imabzalidwa kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe m'dziko lathu chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo, zokolola zabwino, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso phindu lalikulu lazachuma. Mitundu ya mbatata yawetedwanso pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku mbatata zakuthengo zoyambilira zomwe zili ndi poizoni pang'ono, ndipo zasankhidwa ndikuzipanga kukhala zamtundu wapamwamba zokolola zambiri komanso zolimbana ndi matenda.
Xiaonong adzakudziwitsani lero "Zhongshu No. 5" yopangidwa ndi gulu la Jin Liping, wofufuza pa Vegetable and Flower Research Institute ya Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Akatswiri a gulu la ofufuza a Jin Liping anagwira ntchito kwambiri panthawi yoswana.
Zimanenedwa kuti "wakuda" wakhala chizindikiro cha gulu la kafukufuku wa sayansi. Panthawi ya kuswana ndi kupititsa patsogolo, kuti apulumutse nthawi, Dr. Jin Liping ndi mamembala ake nthawi zambiri amapita kumunda ndi chakudya chouma m'dera lamapiri la Guyuan, amadya pang'ono m'munda masana, kukhala pansi ndikukhala pansi. kupuma kwa kanthawi musanapitirize kugwira ntchito. Nthawi ya XNUMX kapena XNUMX koloko madzulo, nditabwerera kumene ndinkakhala, ndinalibenso nthawi yopuma, koma ndinakonza zinthuzo usiku wonse.
Zinanenedwa kuti “nkhope zawo zinali zakuda kuposa mbatata. Pogwira ntchito ndi alimi, zinali zovuta kusiyanitsa yemwe anali mlimi ndi yemwe anali dokotala", ndipo "Tin Liping ya Jin Liping inali 'level'".
Tiyeni tigwirizane ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono kuti tiwone momwe "Zhongshu No. 5" imalimidwa ndi gululi ndi yabwino kwambiri!
"Zhongshu 5" idasankhidwa mwadongosolo kuchokera ku ana achilengedwe a "Zhongshu 3" ndi Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Inadutsa Kuvomerezeka kwa Municipal wa Beijing mu 2001, National Crop Variety Approval mu 2004, ndi 2012. Inapereka chilolezo cha mitundu ya mbewu m'chigawo cha Hubei.
Zhongshu No. 5 ndi mtundu wokhwima msanga womwe ungakololedwe patatha masiku 60 utamera. Kupangidwa koyambirira kwa tuber, kukhazikika kwa tuber, kukula mwachangu, kuchuluka kwa ma tubers amalonda, komanso katundu wabwino wa tuber cubes. Kukoma ndi kukoma kwa zakudya zokazinga ndi zabwino, ndipo mtundu wa magawo okazinga ndi wopepuka. Mbatata yatsopano imakhala yowuma pafupifupi 19%, wowuma ndi 13%, mapuloteni osakhwima ndi 2%, ndipo vitamini C ndi 20mg/100g ya mbatata yatsopano.
Ubwino wopambana wa Zhongshu 5 ndi kukhwima koyambirira, zokolola zambiri, kukana choipitsa mochedwa, kuthekera kokulirapo, kukana chilala komanso kulolerana kwamadzi ndi feteleza, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Ndi yabwino kwa madera olimapo kwa nyengo ziwiri komanso malo olimapo kwa nyengo imodzi komwe kuli choyipitsa chochedwa kwambiri. Kubzala.
Amabzalidwa m'zigawo za Guizhou ndi Sichuan, osapanga feteleza wocheperako komanso amalowetsamo pang'ono. Zhongshu 5 imalimbana ndi kusabereka ndipo yakhala mlimi wamkulu ku Qiandongnan, Qiannan, Chengdu Plain ndi Western Sichuan Plateau.
Zhongshu No. 5 ili ndi nthawi yochepa ya dormancy ndipo ndiyoyenera kulima m'dzinja. Mbatata zokolola m'dzinja m'dera lachiwiri lolimapo ku Central Plains ndi Mapiri akumwera chakumadzulo zili pamsika, yomwe ndi nyengo yopanda msika wamsika wambatata. Kukhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kumera mochedwa kwa mitundu ndizomwe zimalepheretsa zokolola zambiri. Nthawi yopuma ya Zhongshu No. 5 ndi yofupika kwa masiku 15 kuposa ya Feiwu Ruita, ndipo ndiyoyenera kulima mbewu za autumn. Pakalipano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, ndi pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Hebei, ndipo wakhala mtundu waukulu wa mbewu za autumn m'deralo.
Katemera m'munda ndi m'nyumba wa Zhongshu No. 5 adazindikira kukana kwa mbewu ku choipitsa mochedwa komanso matenda akuluakulu a virus monga PVX, PVY ndi PLRV. Zimasokoneza m'mbuyo kuti mitundu yokhwima msanga simalimbana ndi choipitsa mochedwa, imadzaza kusiyana ku China, ndipo imatsutsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yofananira yapakhomo ndi kunja, ndipo imapatsa makolo kupititsa patsogolo mitundu yokhwima msanga m'tsogolomu. .
Osati zokhazo, komanso zokolola za Zhongshu No. 5 ndizokwera kwambiri, ngakhale kuposa mitundu ina ya mbatata yochedwa kukhwima.
Mu Changli County, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, Zhongshu No. 5 ali ndi zokolola pazipita 5,300 kilogalamu pa mu, amene ali oposa 20% kuposa mitundu ina. Mu 2015, mitundu 53 yakunyumba idabzalidwa pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa mbatata ku Chabei Management District, Hebei Province. Zokolola za Zhongshu No. 5 zili pa nambala 3621.48, zofanana ndi 2012 kg pa mu, zomwe zili patsogolo pakati pa mitundu yokhwima msanga. Mu 2014 ndi 2943.9, Zhejiang Lanxi High-Yield Creation idapeza zokolola za 1,000 kg pa XNUMX mu.
Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, mwa kusankha mosamala ndi kuswana kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo, kukula kwa kubzala pang'onopang'ono kwalemeretsa madengu a masamba a anthu akumatauni ochulukirachulukira padziko lapansi. Kubweretsa phindu lalikulu la chikhalidwe ndi zachuma kwa anthu.