Kubzala maluwa akutchire mu mbewu za mbatata kumatha kuchepetsa mavairasi othamangitsidwa ndi nsabwe ndikupereka njira ina yochepetsera mwayi wakupha tizilombo kwa omwe amalima. Ku Scotland, mayesero akuchitika kuti apeze mphamvu zokulitsa maluwa m'mitengo ya tram ndi mitu yolimbikitsira anthu olanda nyama kuti achepetse tizirombo monga gawo la Njira Yogwirira Ntchito Yoyang'anira Tizilombo (IPM).
Eric Anderson, wamkulu wa zaulimi ndi katswiri wa mbatata ku Scottish Agronomy, akutsogolera mayesowo ndi membala wa mbatata yaku Scottish Agronomy a Jim Reid ku Milton of Mathers Farm. Jim ndiye wolandila munda wa AHDB Strategic Potato (SPoT) ndipo, ndi AHDB, Eric, ndi Colin Herron ndi Colin Ross ochokera ku McCain Potato, akuyang'ana njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikika ngati gawo lazaka zinayi za SPoT.
Jim, yemwe amalima mahekitala 80 a mbatata, adati:
"Kugulitsa mbatata zambewu zaku Scottish kumadalira mbiri yabwino ya thanzi la ma virus, komanso ndi zovuta zakuchepetsa mwayi wopeza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kaya kudzera mumalamulo kapena kukana kwambiri nsabwe za m'masamba. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa kale kuti tiwone momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito biology ndi chemistry yolimbana ndi matenda kuti tisachepetse matenda. Pali kusowa kwa njira zonse za IPM zomwe zimaphatikiza zida zachikhalidwe komanso zamakono. Kudzera m'mayesowa tifufuza momwe biology, zachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa chilengedwe zimathandizira komanso momwe tingaganizirenso za nsabwe za m'masamba pamalonda. ”
Vuto la kachilombo ka mbewu za mbatata za 2019 linafika zaka 20 ndipo kuwunika kwa nyengo ino kumapereka chithunzi chofananira cha 2020. Woyambitsa wamkulu ndi Potyvirus, PVY, makamaka PVYN kupsyinjika, koma PLRV yawonjezeka ngakhale itakhala yotsika kwambiri. PVYn zikuyambitsa nkhawa yayikulu, malinga ndi Eric, ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo a pyrethroid akuwunikiridwa ndi oyang'anira. Kuphatikiza apo, zikuwoneka kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosalekeza kwa ma pyrethroids kumaika pachiwopsezo posankha kukaniza kwa pyrethroid kapena kusintha kosunthika pamitengo yamasamba osagwirizana ndi nsabwe. Palinso kukakamizidwa kowonjezeka kuchokera kwa ogulitsa pamalonda oyang'anira zachilengedwe omwe amalimbikitsa kusiyanasiyana ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Molimbikitsidwa ndi kafukufuku ku Rothamsted kuphatikiza maluwa amtchire kukhala minda ya karoti komanso ndi ntchito ya Matthias Tschumi ku Switzerland pazothandizirana ndi mbatata, Eric wazindikira mitundu monga cornflower, vetch wamba ndi yarrow kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri pakukopa adani achilengedwe. Izi ndi mbewu zomwe sizimera kwenikweni zomwe zimayeza kutalika kofanana ndi mbewu za mbatata.
Ku Milton of Mathers, zidutswa zitatu za kusakanikirana kumeneku zidakumbidwa pakati pa ma tramline, ndikupanga zakudya zamaluwa ndi malo okhalamo okopa ntchentche, lacewings ndi mbalame zazimayi. Eric akuwonjezera kuti:
"Izi zipanga makonde pafupi ndi mbewuyo, kukulitsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana kuti tisiyane ndi dongosolo limodzi lokhalokha lokhala ndi kudalira kwakukulu kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikupanga mphamvu popeza adaniwo ali pafupi ndi tizirombo. Tikukonzanso, kuti tiwone ngati mitundu yobzala ndi kufesa ili ndi phindu pamizereyo komanso ngati imagwirizira mitundu ya adani achilengedwe yofunikira kuwongolera tizirombo ta mbatata ndikupereka ku mbewu zikafunika.
"Zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti nsabwe za m'masamba zimakopeka ndi kuwala komwe kumapezeka munthaka m'mabedi opanda kanthu ndi mitengo yoyandikana nayo. Kubzala zosakaniza za maluwa amtchire kapena kufalitsa mulch wa udzu m'mabedi opanda kanthuwa ndi njira zothandiza pakulima mbewu zoyambirira - FG2 ndi FG3 - olima mbewu, okhala ndi magawo ambiri opatukana pakati pa nkhokwe zambiri. ”
Kuchita bwino kwa mizere yolimbikitsira kuwongolera tizirombo kumadalira mtundu wawo wazomera. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zopanda mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizisamalira mbalame kapena pollinator sizimapangitsa kuti zida zachilengedwe zithandizire. Kafukufuku wa Tschumi adawonetsa kuti mwa adani atatu achilengedwe, ma hoverflies adakulirakulira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbatata zozungulira, pomwe anthu okhala ndi lacewings ndi ma ladybird nawonso adakwera kwambiri. Eric akuchenjeza kuti pali nthawi yotsalira mpaka adani achilengedwe atakhala ndi nthawi yopanga manambala, chifukwa chake njira ya IPM yogwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe komanso mankhwala monga mafuta amchere adzakhala ofunikira.
Monga gawo la famu ya AHDB ya SPoT, kafukufuku wina ku Milton of Mather akuphatikizapo kuyang'ana kukonzanso kwa matumba pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi ndi makina; komanso kasamalidwe ka PCN kosatha. Ndi mitundu yapakatikati ya nthaka, mbewu za mbatata zimabzalidwa m'malo ophatikizika omwe ali ndi malo obwerekera omwe akufuna kusintha kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu. Othandizira ena pakuwunika kwa maluwa amtchire akuphatikizapo Alan Johnson ku Kings (Frontier) yemwe adapereka mbewu ku Milton of Mathers, komanso ntchito yofananira yoyendetsedwa ndi Kingdom Farming, pafupi ndi Glenrothes, Fife, ndi David Parish ochokera ku Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust ( GWCT).