Monga gawo lalikulu pakupanga chakudya, feteleza wamankhwala ndi wofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa njala ndi kuthetsa umphawi m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwakhala chinthu chosangalatsa kwa alimi a mayiko otsika ndi apakati chifukwa mitengo ya feteleza yakwera m’zaka ziwiri zapitazi.
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi uno, bungwe la United Nations la Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) lidatulutsa mitengo yazakudya padziko lonse lapansi mu Seputembala. Katswiri wa zachuma pa FAO, Maximo Torero, adati mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene akukumanabe ndi vuto la chakudya ngakhale mitengo yazakudya idatsika kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa feteleza padziko lonse lapansi ndikothekera kuchepetsa zokolola zawo chaka chamawa.
Malinga ndi World Bank, mitengo ya feteleza mu Seputembala chaka chino idakwera 6 peresenti. Poyerekeza ndi Seputembala 2021, mitengo ya feteleza yakwera pafupifupi 72 peresenti.
Kuphatikiza pazovuta zomwe zidalipo chifukwa cha mliri, mikangano ya Russia-Ukraine yadzetsa chisokonezo chachikulu m'misika yazinthu. Nkhondoyi yachititsa kuti pakhale kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa kupanga ndi malonda a feteleza, omwe Russia ndi Ukraine ndi omwe amatumiza kunja, pamodzi ndi mphamvu ndi mbewu.
Pamene nkhondo ikupitirirabe, mitengo ya feteleza ikuyembekezeka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri, pambuyo pavuto lamafuta la 1973 ndi mavuto azachuma a 2008.
Mayiko aku Western akuti zilango zomwe zaperekedwa ku Russia sizikhudza kupanga, kugulitsa ndi kunyamula katundu wokhudzana ndi ulimi. Koma Russia idati zilango izi zadzetsa zopinga zambiri pakubweza mabanki, inshuwaransi ndi kutumiza, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti feteleza wambiri waku Russia akhazikitsidwe m'madoko aku Europe.
Pamene mitengo ya feteleza ikukwera, kukhala ndi moyo polima mbewu kwakhala kovuta kwambiri alimi. Zotsatira zake, makamaka kumayiko omwe akukumana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya, zitha kukhala zowopsa.
“Maiko onse ku South Asia ndi maiko otukuka kumene. Ulimi ndiwo wayendetsa kwambiri chuma chawo ndipo feteleza wakhala wofunikira kuti atsimikizire zokolola. Popanda feteleza, sangathe kudzidyetsa okha, "atero a Li Qingyan, wothandizana nawo kafukufuku ku dipatimenti yoona za mayiko otukuka ku China Institute of International Studies.
Potengera mwachitsanzo vuto lazachuma lomwe lachitika ku Sri Lanka mwachitsanzo, adati kuletsa feteleza wamankhwala m’dziko lonselo chaka chatha kudasokoneza ulimi wake, zomwe zidaonjezera ngozi yobweza ngongole.
Li adaonjeza kuti mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene amadalira feteleza wochokera kunja, ndipo kukwera mtengo kwa feteleza kumawonjezera mtengo wobwezeretsa chuma m’maikowa.
Njala yowonjezereka ndi chisokonezo
Chaka chatha, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi njala padziko lonse lapansi chinafika 828 miliyoni, chiwonjezeko cha 150 miliyoni kuyambira pomwe mliri wa COVID-19 unayamba, malinga ndi lipoti la UN lomwe linatulutsidwa mu Julayi. Mikangano yachigawo, nyengo yoipa, kukwera kwa mitengo yazakudya, kusalingana ndi mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi zonse zikusokoneza chitetezo cha chakudya padziko lonse lapansi mu 2022 pomwe mliri wa COVID-19 ukupitilira. Mayiko otukuka kumene avutika kwambiri ndi vuto la chakudya padziko lonse limene likuipiraipira.
Polankhula pamsonkhano wa nduna zachitetezo cha chakudya padziko lonse mu June, Nduna ya Zachilendo ku Indonesia Retno Marsudi adati kusowa kwa feteleza kungabweretse tsoka kwa anthu 2 biliyoni ku Asia.
Kutali ku Latin America, Brazil ndi Venezuela amaitanitsa pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya feteleza wawo chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus. Kusokonekera kwa feteleza kwapangitsa akadaulo awo a zaulimi ndi alimi kufunafuna mbewu zina ndi nthaka. Mu June, bungwe la FAO linakonza msonkhano wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa biofertilizers ku Brazil, Chile, Peru ndi Caribbean.
Zotsatira zake zidapitiliranso ulimi. M'mwezi wa Epulo, poyankha ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi kukwera kwamitengo yamafuta ndi feteleza, Purezidenti wa Peru Pedro Castillo adalengeza zadzidzidzi kwa mwezi umodzi komanso nthawi yofikira kunyumba likulu la Lima yomwe idachotsedwa pambuyo pake.
Kumadzulo kwa Africa kudzakumana ndi kuchepa kwa feteleza pakati pa matani 1.2 ndi 1.5 miliyoni ngati mkangano wa Russia ndi Ukraine upitirire, malinga ndi lipoti lofalitsidwa ndi Economic Community of West African States mu July. Derali likhoza kutaya phala la matani pafupifupi 20 miliyoni, zomwe zidaposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi azinthu zomwe zidalembedwa chaka chatha.
Lipotilo limalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa mphamvu zopangira feteleza m'deralo ndi njira zogawa. Koma mizere yopanga izi, yomwe imafunikira ndalama zambiri, ukadaulo ndi zida, zitha kutenga zaka kuti zimangidwe.
Mothandizidwa ndi UN ndi Türkiye, Russia ndi Ukraine adasaina Black Sea Grain Initiative mu Julayi, yomwe idatsegulanso ngalande zam'nyanja zotumizira kunja kwa tirigu ndi feteleza kuchokera ku madoko atatu akuluakulu aku Ukraine kudera la Black Sea. Komabe, deta imasonyeza kuti pafupifupi kotala la katundu waulimi wochokera ku Ukraine anapita kumayiko otsika ndi apakati, omwe adatsutsidwa ndi Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin.
Sabata yatha, dziko la Russia lidawonetsa nkhawa zake za mgwirizanowu ndipo lidati likukonzekera kukana kuyikonzanso mu Novembala pomwe ntchito ya miyezi itatuyo itatha, Reuters idatero. Kutha kwa mgwirizanowu kungapangitsenso vuto lazakudya padziko lonse lapansi.
Pamsonkhano wachitetezo mu Seputembala, a Putin adati Russia idalolera kupereka matani mazana masauzande a feteleza omwe akukhala m'madoko aku Europe kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe akuwafuna, kwaulere, malinga ndi Xinhua News Agency. Koma palibe ndondomeko yeniyeni.
“Kwa zaka zitatu zapitazi, anthu anjala afika pachimake mobwerezabwereza. Ndiloleni ndifotokoze momveka bwino, zinthu zitha kuipiraipira pokhapokha ngati patakhala kuyesetsa kwakukulu komanso kogwirizana kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Sitingakhalenso ndi chaka china chanjala, "atero a David Beasley, wamkulu wa UN World Food Programme, tsiku la World Food Day lisanachitike pa Okutobala 16.
(Chithunzi patsamba: Kukolola mpunga m'mudzi ku Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, September 27, 2022. /CFP)
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