Nkhaniyi ikupezeka mu Nkhani ya June 2021 ya Olima mbatata.
Udzu wapachaka, monga oat wamtchire (Avena fatua L.) ndi foxtail (setaria spp.), Ikhoza kukhala vuto mu mbatata. Mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo mbatata ndi udzu usanatuluke amatha kupereka udzu wabwino. Musathamangire kukaweruza mankhwala akumwa, komabe, ngati udzu utakhala vuto mbatata zitatuluka.
Nkhani zakuya
Kukula kwa oat wamtchire kumayamba kuchepa nthawi yozizira / koyambirira kwa nyengo yotentha ikatha. Chifukwa chake, chisakanizo choyenera cha thanki ya herbicide isanakhale yonse yomwe ikufunika, sichoncho? Namsongole wambiri mu mbatata nthawi zambiri amamera m'munda mainchesi awiri. Mankhwala oyambilira kusamba ndi nyemba amaphatikizidwa ndi kuya kwake, ndipo kutengera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, kumera namsongole kumalephereka ndipo / kapena mbande zimaphedwa zisanatuluke.
Kukula kwa mbewu za oat zakutchire, komabe, ndi kwakukulu, kumapangitsa kuti nkhokwe zikhale zokwanira kutuluka kuchokera pansi mpaka mainchesi 6. Kutentha kozizira kwakuya kuphatikizira mankhwala a herbicides osakhala pamalo oyenera nthawi yoyenera kumabweretsa oat wamtchire womwe umatuluka mchilimwe, ngakhale kutentha kwa nthaka kumtunda ndi kufupi ndi nthaka kumatentha kwambiri kuti mbewu za udzu zisathe.
Choipa kwambiri mochedwa kuposa kale
Mbalame yobiriwira imatha kumera nthawi yonse yotentha, ndiye kuti pofika nthawi yomwe zotsalira za herbicide zatsala pang'ono kutha, "kumachedwa kutuluka" kumatha kuchitika. Zitsamba zotsalira zimayenera kukhala nthawi yayitali kuti muchepetse namsongole mochedwa, koma osati motalika kwambiri kotero kuti zimasokoneza mbewu zikamatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mbatata.
Mchenga wa sandbur (Cenchrus spinifex) amathanso kumera kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Chida cha barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.). Ngakhale imatha kugwedezeka ndi mbewu ndipo zomerazo zomwe zimamera mochedwa sizikhala zazikulu komanso zamphamvu ngati zomwe zimamera msanga, kuwotcha kwa barnyardgrass kungakhale kofunikira.
Tsopano chiyani?
Pali ma herbicides anayi okha a mbatata omwe ali ndi foliar pa udzu: rimsulfuron (Matrix, Solida ndi ena), metribuzin, clethodim (Select ndi ena), ndi silahaxydim (Poast, Poast Plus ndi ena). Rimsulfuron ndi metribuzin zimatha kuchita mokhutiritsa, koma zimatsata zoletsa zokolola (makamaka sugarbeet), makamaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yokolola pambuyo pa kukolola (PHI) siyenera kukhala yochepera masiku 60 ayi.
Maganizo a "Zoyipa"
Clethodim ndi nanexydim, mwachikondi amatchedwa "dims" ndi asayansi a udzu - omwe ali ndi machitidwe ofanana ndi "fops" monga fluazifop-p-butyl - atha kukhala othandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera namsongole wamsongole wapachaka mu mbatata. Zitsamba izi zimangoyang'anira udzu ndipo sizikhala ndi nthaka. Uptake imadutsa masamba, ndipo kufotokoza kwathunthu ndikofunikira. Amatha kupha pogwiritsa ntchito komanso posunthira mkati komanso ngakhale chomeracho. Kuwongolera kogwira mtima kwambiri kumatheka ndikuligwiritsa ntchito usanadalire pamene udzu uli wochepa (pakati pa masamba awiri mpaka asanu ndi limodzi). Ntchitoyo iyenera kupangidwa ku udzu womwe ukukula bwino, osati omwe ali ndi nkhawa. Mwakutero komanso ngati kuli kotheka, kuthirira kumafunika pakadutsa sabata limodzi.
Green, udzu wobiriwira kunyumba
Nthawi yoyang'anira kwathunthu amakhala milungu imodzi kapena itatu. Mwakutero, musakhumudwe ngati mbewu zimakhalabe zobiriwira nthawi imeneyo. Iwo ali "obiriwira wobiriwira." Fufuzani potulutsa tsamba latsopanoli. Pansi pake padzakhala pakufa bulauni. Atanena izi, ntchito yachiwiri nthawi zina imafunika panthawiyi ngati bulauni sichimawonekera, makamaka m'malo ouma kapena ngati udzu uli wokulirapo kuposa masamba asanu ndi limodzi panthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Osakwiya nawo
Kuchita bwino kwa Clethodim ndi dakikaxydim kumakhala kotsika kwambiri ngati mankhwala a herbicide otambalala, monga rimsulfuron, asakanizidwa ndi tangi kapena kupaka tsiku limodzi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicides. Amatchulidwa kuti kutsutsana - pamene mankhwala a herbicidi awiri kapena kuphatikirapo akaphatikizana ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za herbicide iliyonse padera- rimsulfuron ikhoza kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa photosynthesis ndi kukula kwa udzu wa udzu. Zotsatira zake ndikuchepetsa kwa ntchito yoletsa udzu mu udzu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mankhwala a herbacillia onse akufunika kuti muchepetse udzu pambuyo pa kutuluka, musasakanize, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mapanganowo apatukana tsiku limodzi.
Nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants ndi ena mwa mankhwalawa atatha. Makamaka pamitengo ya herbicide ndi othandizira ma surfactant amatha kupezeka pamalemba a herbicide. Nthawi zonse werengani ndikutsatira malangizo.
Pewani kukana
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicides ngati gawo limodzi la kasamalidwe kophatikizika kofunikira popewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa udzu wosagonjetsedwa ndi herbicide, sakanizani ndi mankhwala a herbicides osiyanasiyana ndi onetsetsani kuti zochita zingapo zitha kugwira ntchito pamsongole womwewo. Ngati sichoncho, pambuyo pobwereza cholakwikacho pazaka zapitazi, chomera "chimodzi mwa miliyoni" mwa anthu mwachilengedwe chosagwirizana ndi machitidwewo chimakhalabe ndi moyo, chimatulutsa mbewu, ndipo pamapeto pake chimalamulira anthu.
Zachidziwikire, nyama zamtchire zosagonjetsedwa ndi "fops" zapezeka ku Pacific Northwest. Komabe, izi sizinawonetse kukana kwa clethodim kapena zidaxydim.
Mwa njirayi, rimsulfuron, clethodim ndi khunguxydim pambuyo pa kutuluka kumatha kuyambitsa quackgrass osagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali isanakwane masamba anayi. Zinthu ziyenera kukhala zabwino, ndipo kufunsira kwachiwiri kungakhale kofunikira. Onani zolemba kuti mumve zambiri.
Pamela JS Hutchinson ndi wasayansi wamsongole komanso katswiri wazowonjezera njira zodulira mbatata zochokera ku University of Idaho ku Aberdeen Research & Extension Center.