Kuthirira kumapereka njira imodzi yothanirana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo
Nkhaniyi ikupezeka mu Chithunzi cha Marichi 2022 Olima mbatata.
Kafukufuku watsopano wofufuza zaka zoposa 100 za ulimi waulimi ndi deta ya nyengo ku United States akusonyeza kuti madzi osungidwa amathandiza kwambiri popereka mphamvu ku chilala. Zomwe zapezazi zikusonyezanso njira zoyendetsera madzi, zomwe zimasiyana m'dziko lonselo, zimathandizira kwambiri momwe madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi amachitira ndi nyengo.
"Tinkafuna kumvetsetsa momwe ulimi umayankhira kugwedezeka kwanyengo," akutero Eric Edwards, pulofesa wothandizira ku dipatimenti yazaulimi ndi chuma chachuma ku North Carolina State University komanso wolemba nawo. pepala lofotokoza phunziroli. "Njira yomwe ulimi wasinthira ku kugwedezeka kwanyengo nthawi zambiri ndi ulimi wothirira, koma kodi kukhala ndi madzi osungidwa kumakhala kofunikira bwanji?"
Kupezeka kwa madzi osungidwa kumayendetsa ulimi wothirira, kaya madziwo ali mumtsinje wapansi panthaka kapena mumtsinje wadamu. Kuphatikiza pa dziwe ndi posungira, kuthirira madzi pamtunda kumafuna ngalande ndi ngalande zambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, alimi omwe ali pamwamba pa aquifer akhoza kungopopa madzi apansi mwachindunji.
Kuthirira kumapangitsa ulimi kukhala wotheka m'malo ambiri owuma a malamulo akumadzulo kwa US Water ufulu amakhazikitsa dongosolo lomwe alimi amapeza madzi komanso nthawi yomwe amawapeza. Kum'mawa kwa US, mvula yambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri zapangitsa alimi kuganiza za ulimi wothirira ngati wovuta kwambiri, ndipo ufulu wamadzi sunalembedwe. Koma zikuwoneka kuti zikusintha pamene nyengo ikusintha.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti, kuyambira cha m'ma 1950, kupeza madzi osungidwa m'madera ouma kwambiri kumadzulo kwa US kunathandiza alimi kuti asatayike pafupifupi 13% pa zokolola panthawi ya chilala. Zaka za m'ma 1950 zimakhala ngati nthawi yothira madzi ochulukirapo Kumadzulo, pambuyo pa chitukuko cha Hoover Dam mu 1936, ndikubowola m'madzi ndi kuyika magetsi akumidzi m'ma 1940s, Edwards akutero.
“Kafukufuku wathu anasonyeza kuti kum’maŵa kwa United States kuyambira 1950, zokolola za chimanga ndi soya zinachepa m’nthaŵi yachilala kaya alimi anali ndi madzi kapena ayi,” anatero Edwards. "Pakadali pano, kumadera ouma akumadzulo kwa US, ngati mumatha kusunga madzi nthawi yachilala, simukuwona kuwonongeka kulikonse." Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa alimi akum'maŵa kwa US sanagwiritse ntchito njira zothirira kuti apeze madzi osungidwa.
“M’nyengo ya chilala, alimi amadzifunsa mafunso awiri ofunika kwambiri: Kodi ndimabweretsa malo ambiri olimapo? Ndipo kodi ndiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe ndayika pa nthaka yanga kuti ndichulukitse zokolola kuposa zomwe ndikadakhala nazo? Edwards akupitiriza. "Maonekedwe a thupi ndi njira zoyendetsera madzi zimakhudzidwa ndi zisankho zomwe alimi amapanga."
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti alimi omwe ali ndi madzi apansi ndi madzi apamtunda amakonda kubweretsa malo ambiri kuti azilima. Alimi omwe ali ndi madzi apansi panthaka koma osati madzi apamtunda nawonso amakonda kubweretsa malo ambiri olima.
Edwards anati: “Ufulu wa madzi pamwamba umagwirizana ndi malo enaake a kumadzulo kwa United States, ndipo alimi nthawi zambiri amamwa madzi ochuluka chaka chilichonse malinga ndi ufulu wawo wa madzi,” anatero Edwards. "Chotero palibe kukula kwa malo omwe amathiriridwa ndi madzi apamwamba pa nthawi ya chilala."
Edwards akuti pepalali lili ndi zotsatira zingapo pa mfundo za madzi.
"Kupopa madzi ambiri pansi pa nthaka kapena kutenga madzi ochulukirapo panthawi ya chilala kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi chilala, koma zingakhale zovuta ngati mukufuna kusunga zambiri," akutero. “Kuthirira ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera nthawi ya chilala. Imawongolera kupanga m'maiko onse achilala. Koma chifukwa zowongolera zochotsa madzi apansi panthaka ndizochepa, tili ndi nkhawa kuti kuchepa kwa madzi kungathe kuchepetsa kuthekera kwachitetezo chofunikirachi chothana ndi kusokonekera kwanyengo. ”
Pamadzi apamtunda, Edwards amawona tanthauzo losiyana.
"Kodi pali njira yopangira madzi apamtunda kuti athe kuthana ndi chilala, makamaka m'malo momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi magawo ena a nthaka?" Akutero. “Kodi pali njira yoyambira kuganiza zoika pambali madzi kapena kusunga madzi m’malo mogwiritsa ntchito 100% chaka chilichonse?”
Edwards akuwonjeza kuti palinso zotsatira za mfundo zakumudzi kwawo ku North Carolina ndi madera ena kummawa kwa US
"North Carolina ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi 10 mpaka 15% yowuma nthawi yayitali m'zaka zamtsogolo chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo," akutero. “Kuthirira kumapereka njira imodzi yothanirana ndi zimenezi. Koma kuti apereke kasamalidwe kokhazikika kwa zachilengedwe zomwe zatha, boma liyenera kuganizira zokhazikitsa ufulu wamadzi ndi njira zoyendetsera madzi pansi pa nthaka.
Pepala likuwonekera Zolemba Zakafukufuku za Mazingira. Steven M. Smith ku Colorado School of Mines ndi wolemba mapepala. Thandizo la ntchitoyi linaperekedwa ndi National Science Foundation ndi USDA.