Ngakhale kuthirira ndikofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mbatata, akatswiri azamalimi akuchenjeza kuti kuthirira kwambiri - makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kakulidwe - kungawononge zambiri kuposa zabwino. Kumvetsetsa nthawi yothirira bwino komanso momwe mungathirire kungapangitse kusiyana pakati pa mbewu zomwe zikukula bwino ndi zofowoka, zokolola zosakwanira.
Nthano Yothirira Mochuluka Koyambirira
Ndi chikhulupiriro chofala pakati pa alimi kuti mbatata iyenera kuthiriridwa kwambiri ikamera. Komabe, kafukufuku wa agronomic ndi zochitika zakumunda zikuwonetsa izi Kuthirira koyambirira kopitilira muyeso kumatha kuchepetsa zokolola. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kuthirira posachedwapa amalimbikitsa mapangidwe osaya mizu, zomwe zimayika tuber zone pafupi ndi nthaka. Nayenso, izi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kutenthedwa ndi chinyezi nkhawa, makamaka m’nyengo yachilimwe.
Mbatata, mosiyana ndi tomato kapena tsabola, ali ndi a kufunikira kwakukulu kwa madzi, zongoyerekeza ndi mbewu monga nkhaka. The transpiration coefficient-omwe amayesa kuchuluka kwa madzi ofunikira kuti apange 1 gramu ya zinthu zowuma - ali mozungulira:
- 90-120 za tomato
- 80-236 za mbatata
- 250-360 za nkhaka
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbatata imakhala ndi madzi ambiri, koma nthawi yake komanso kusamala ndizofunikira.
Kuopsa kwa Kuthirira Koyambirira
Kuthirira koyambirira (kungotuluka kumene) kungachedwetse kupanga tuber ndikukankhira mizu mpaka pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale pachiwopsezo cha:
- Kutentha kwambiri kutentha kwambiri
- Mofulumira kuyanika chapamwamba nthaka wosanjikiza
- Kuchuluka kwa tuber kapena kukula kosiyana
Chotsatira? M'malo mokhala ndi mbewu zofananira, alimi amatha kutha ma tubers ochepa ndi ang'onoang'ono ambiri, kapena choipitsitsacho—tizipatso ting’onoting’ono tokhala ngati nandolo.
Nthawi Yothirira Moyenera Komanso Mmene Mungamwetsere
Agronomists amalangiza kuchedwetsa kuthirira koyamba mpaka nsonga za mbatata zifike 10-15 cm. Panthawi imeneyi, zomera amayamba yogwira vegetative kukula, ndi kufunika kunja chinyezi kumawonjezeka.
Malangizo Othirira:
- pafupipafupi: Onse Masiku 5-7 kapena kuchepera, kutengera mtundu wa dothi ndi nyengo
- Mphamvu: Zochepa koma zokwanira, pewani kusefukira
- Goal: Sungani chinyezi m'nthaka popanda kuyanika nthawi yayitali kapena kuthirira
The gawo lofunikira pakuti ulimi wothirira uli kuphukira mochedwa kudzera mu maluwa, liti kupanga stolon ndi tuber bulking ali pachimake. Kupanikizika kwa madzi panthawiyi kungathe kuchepetsa zokolola 30% kapena zambiri, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchira pambuyo pa nyengoyi.
Thandizo la Sayansi
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa Agricultural Water Management (2022) amatsimikizira izi kuthirira pa nthawi ya tuber ndi nthawi yochuluka ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa zokolola za mbatata ndi khalidwe. Kuchuluka kwamadzi kumawonekera koyamba palibe phindu lalikulu la zokolola ndipo nthawi zina zimatsogolera ku matenda kuthamanga ndi kusakula bwino kwa mizu.
Mbatata ndi mbewu zokonda madzi—koma madzi panthaŵi yolakwika akhoza kuwononga kwambiri kuposa chilala. Kudziletsa koyambirira kotsatiridwa ndi kuthirira kwanthawi yake komanso kocheperako pakukula bwino kudzakuthandizani kupewa mizu yosazama, ma tubers osakhazikika, komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwa zokolola. Kudziwa nthawi yothirira ndi chimodzi mwa zida zamphamvu kwambiri pazida zilizonse za alimi a mbatata.
