Mbatata ndi zofiirira tubers akhala akupezeka pamsika wapakhomo kwakanthawi. Pambuyo podziwa bwino komwe adachokera, zomwe zawonetsedwa patsamba logulitsira, timaphunzira kuti izi si mitundu yakomweko. Pakadali pano, zikupezeka kuti mzere wokhayo womaliza ndi womwe umatilekanitsa ndi kulembetsa mbatata yaku Poland yokhala ndi mnofu wa anthocyanin mu National Register of Variety COBORU.
Pambuyo pazaka zambiri ntchito yoswana yomwe idachitika mu Famu ya Mbatata ya Zamarte , wathanzi komanso wosazolowereka, Mitundu yofiirira yofiira idapezeka - Provita . Tidalandira zambiri za iye kuchokera pamtima woswana. Ndikupereka zosangalatsa kwambiri zokambirana ndi Ms Aleksandra Bech - katswiri wa kuswana mu Zamarte Potato Breeding.
Ndikukupemphani kuti muwerenge kuyankhulana kwakanthawi mwachidwi.
Funso loyamba lomwe limabwera m'maganizo ndi kukoma kwa mbatata ndi tuber wofiirira. Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata imakoma mosiyana ndi yomwe imadziwika ndi yomwe amakonda?
- Mbatata yokhala ndi mnofu wofiirira imakhala ndi kukoma kwa ma anthocyanins, omwe amawapatsa utoto. Anthu ambiri amapeza kukoma kwawo kuli kofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu yoyera yokhala ndi mnofu woyera kapena wachikasu. Kulawa ndikumverera kokhazikika. Ndikwabwino kuyesera kuti udziwonere wekha.
Ponena za cholinga cha Provity, mbatata wamba ya saladi (zophikira zamtundu wa A)?
- Provita ndi mtundu wophikira B - cholinga chachikulu. Uwu ndiye mtundu wodziwika bwino wazophikira womwe amagulitsidwa. Mnofu wa mitundu yomwe imakhala ngati mtunduwu imakhalabe yolimba ikaphika, koma imaphwanyidwa mosavuta ndikapanikizika ndi foloko. Mbatata za mtundu wa B nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi chakudya chamadzulo, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu purée.
M'nkhani yanu "Kuswana ndi kulimbikitsa thanzi la mbatata za utoto wofiirira" mumawonetsa phindu lakudya mbatata zofiirira poletsa kuchuluka kwa maselo m'maselo a khansa, kuyambitsa njira yodziwira, mwachitsanzo kufa kwa khungu. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti kudya mbatata zofiirira kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa komanso kumachedwetsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa ndikuchepetsa ukalamba wa thupi la munthu?
- Ndikukhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza Provity pazakudya zanu kumakuthandizani kuti muzilemeretsa ndi ma anthocyanins, omwe ali ndi zida zotsutsana ndi khansa. Amapereka Provita mtundu wake wa violet, koma osati iye yekha, komanso zomera zina. Kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, kuphatikiza Provity, kumatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa, koma pokhapokha titasamalira moyo waukhondo (chakudya chamagulu ndi zolimbitsa thupi).
Kodi mungadziwitse owerenga anga za zinthu zina zaumoyo wa Provity?
- Ma anthocyanins omwe ali mu Provit ali ndi gawo labwino pamakachitidwe ambiri mthupi lathu. Choyambirira, amazimitsa zopitilira muyeso motero amateteza DNA yathu kuti isawonongeke. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi phindu pazambiri zamadzimadzi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yama cell ku insulin. Amateteza magazi, amachepetsa kusintha kwa mitsempha m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikulimbitsa ma capillaries. Zimathandizira kupanga rhodopsin, yomwe imawongolera zida zathu zowonera, zimatithandiza kuti tiwone bwino madzulo. Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera kuti asayansi mpaka pano sanapeze zotsatira zoyipa za anthocyanins m'thupi la munthu.
Zachidziwikire, kudya Provita kumakhudza thanzi la munthu. Komabe, kodi muli ndi chidziwitso chotere, kapena mwayesedwa koyenera: kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zamachubu zamtundu wofiirira kuti thupi lathu lizimva zabwino za zinthu zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa mbatata zofiirira? Ndi magalamu angati a Provity omwe munthu wathanzi wathanzi amayenera kudya patsiku kuti athe kupindula ndi maubwino ake?
- Pali zofalitsa zambiri zasayansi zokhudzana ndi mbatata zofiirira komanso gawo lawo labwino pachakudya. Chaka chino zosiyanasiyana Provita adapita ku University of Life Science ku Wrocław, komwe kukayesedwe bwino. Mulingo wa mankhwala a polyphenolic (kuphatikiza ma anthocyanins) ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant ayesedwa. Pakadali pano, tikudziwa kuti mtundu wofiirira kwambiri wa thupi umawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma anthocyanins mu tubers. Kuchuluka kwa utoto wofiirira mbatata mu 100 g wa kulemera kwatsopano kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa utoto mu 100 g wa kulemera kwatsopano kwa sitiroberi, anyezi wofiira kapena kabichi wofiira. Ndikoyenera kutsimikizira kuti mbatata zonse, osati zofiirira zokha, zili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika mthupi lathu. Amakhala ndi chakudya chosavuta kudya, zomanga thupi zofananira ndi thanzi la dzira la nkhuku.
Chonde uzani owerenga anga za kuswana komweko. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Kodi ndili ndi chidziwitso choti kulima mbatata zofiirira zaku Poland kwatha zaka 15? Kodi zinali za chiyani?
- Mitundu yofiirira ya mnofu yomwe imapezeka mgawo loyambirira la kuswana imangokhala 1% yokha yazakudya zonse. Uwu ndi mbali yakumapeto.
Hodowla Ziemniaka Zamarte Sp. z oo - Gulu la IHAR limayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mitundu yodyedwa ndi nyengo yofupikitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, timaberekanso batala, ma crisps ndi mbatata zowuma.
Kuswana kwa mbatata kumayamba ndikusankha magawo oyenera a makolo. Pankhani ya mbatata zofiirira, ndikofunikira kuti imodzi mwa mitundu ya kholo ili ndi mnofu wolimba kwambiri. Tubers omwe alibe pigment ya buluu amatayidwa pamtunduwu koyambirira. Zambiri zimayesedwa mzaka zotsatirazi, kuphatikiza kutalika kwa nyengo yokula, kuzama kwa mesh, kulawa, mtundu utatha kuphika, zokolola, kukana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mabanja omwe amadziwika ndi zinthu zabwino amapita ku COBORU. Provita anali m'modzi mwa mabanja otere. Inadutsa bwino nthawi yonse yobereketsa ndipo pamapeto pake idaphatikizidwa pamayeso olembetsa. Pambuyo pa chaka chachiwiri cha kafukufuku wolemba, tikuyembekezera komiti yolembetsa ku COBORU, yomwe ichitike chaka chamawa mu Januware. Tikukhulupirira,
Kodi ndizovuta kwambiri kwa obereketsa?
- Vuto lalikulu kwambiri linali kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba agrotechnical ndi magwiridwe antchito mofananira mnofu wolimba mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimayimira mtundu wofiirira wa thupi ndizochepa kwambiri, chifukwa pali mitundu yochepa yokhala ndi utoto. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika komanso okwanira ndipo ndi mitundu yokhala ndi nyengo yayitali yokula. Pankhani ya Provita, tidakwanitsa kuthana ndi zotchinga zingapo, chifukwa chake tidapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi khungu losalala kuti lisambitsidwe, lili ndi maso osaya, zokolola zambiri, komanso ndikoyambirira komanso kulimbana ndi matenda akulu, kukhalabe ndiutoto wolimba kwambiri komanso wofanana.
Chonde dziwitsani Provita mwa manambala. Izi ndizomwe zimawakonda kwambiri owerenga anga. Zokolola, okhutira wowuma, kukula kwa tuber.
- Provita:
- Mitundu yoyambirira (kukhwima patatha masiku pafupifupi 80 obiriwira);
- Ma tubers oyenda okhala ndi maso odziwika (COBORU 6.6);
- Culinary Mtundu B;
- Okhutira okhutira pafupifupi. 13.5%;
- Mitengo yamkati yapakatikati;
- Zokolola 37 t / ha.
Mukadangondiuza za chitetezo cha Provita komanso kutengeka ndi matenda. Kapena, monga Gardena, kodi Provita amalimbana ndi vuto la mbatata?
- Provita siyosiyanasiyana yolimbana ndi zoipitsa. Pamiyeso ya 9 (1-yotengeka, 9 yolimbana kwathunthu), kukana kwake ndi 4.
Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi khansa ya mbatata Synchytrium endobioticum - zojambula D1
Zosiyanasiyana ndizolekerera pakakhala zolakwika zamkati ndi zakunja za tuber.
Kodi Provity ikukula mosiyana ndi mitundu ina?
- Kukula Kwabwino sikusiyana ndikukula mitundu ina yodyedwa.
Nchiyani chingakope ogula mitundu yofiirira ya mbatata? Kodi mungawalimbikitse bwanji kugula chinthu chosazolowereka chotere?
- Masiku ano, anthu akudziwa zambiri ndipo amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe amagula. Zowonjezera zaumoyo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa anthocyanins zitha kulimbikitsa ogula kuti asinthe mbatata zonyezimira zachizungu (zoyera kapena zachikasu) ndi mbatata zofiirira, chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwathanzi la tubers wofiirira.
Hodowla Ziemniaka Zamarte Sp. Z o. O. - IHAR Gulu likuyembekeza kuti Provity ilembetsedwa ndi COBORU mu Januware 2021. Kodi kugawa mbewu za mbatata kudzakhala chiyani? Kodi alimi aku Poland adzalima mbatata zofiirira chaka chamawa?
- Tsoka ilo, njira yobweretsera mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata kumsika ndiyotalikirapo kuposa mitundu ina, ndipo kudzakhala koyenera kudikirira zaka 2-3 kuti mbatata zambewu zizikhala bwino, zomwe zingapezeke m'minda.
Kodi pakhala pali kafukufuku aliyense wamalonda pazogulitsa zamtsogolo? Kodi msika waku Poland wakonzeka kulandira mitundu ya mbatata zofiirira?
- Pali chidwi chachikulu ku Provita, onse mbali ya gastronomy ndi ogula. Provita adagulitsidwa kwakanthawi ndi m'modzi mwa ogulitsa ndipo amasangalala kwambiri ndi makasitomala. Kafukufuku wathu wamsika awonetsa kuti pamakhala malo a Provice pamsika wamtunduwu, makamaka chifukwa chamakhalidwe ake apamwamba pamitundu yambiri yomwe ilipo pamsika.