Mukamabzala mbatata, pH ya nthaka ndiyofunika. Zimakhudza kutenga matenda.
Kulima chomera chilichonse kuyenera kuyamba ndikuwongolera nthaka pH. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ndi mbatata, chifukwa pH ya nthaka imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake - thupi (kapangidwe), mankhwala (kupezeka kwa zinthu) ndi zamoyo (zochita za tizilombo). Mwachidule, zimakhudza moyo wa nthaka ndi chitukuko cha mbewu, kuphatikizapo mbatata. Ambiri amati mbatata ndi chomera chomwe chimalekerera nthaka ya asidi. Ogwira ntchito sagwirizana kwathunthu ndi izi, omwe, mwachitsanzo pama media azanema, amadziwitsa kuti zokolola zochulukirapo zimapezeka m'malo omwe ali ndi pH yoyendetsedwa.
Palinso chikhulupiliro chofala kuti dothi lolimidwa silikufuna kuyika, chifukwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chomeracho ndi acidic. Wina angavomereze pang'ono ndi mawu awa, chifukwa mizu ya mbatata siyimitsa nthaka rhizosphere (mwachitsanzo, mizu yazomera) ndipo, ndi pH yayikulu, pali zovuta pakulandila micronutrients (makamaka manganese). Mbatata ndi yachonde kwambiri pamene dothi pH ndiyolimba pang'ono - pH pafupifupi. 6.0.
Ndi malo ati a mbatata?
Ndizowona kuti mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umalimidwa m'malo osauka, ngakhale panthaka yopanda mchenga, koma chifukwa choti kulima mbatata ndikofunika kwambiri, kukusintha ndipo "zidutswa zabwino" zimasankhidwa. M'mabuku, ndibwino kuti dothi lisungidwe bwino komanso kuti lizitha kupereka madzi ochulukirapo (omwe amatchedwa madzi abwino ndi mpweya), chifukwa izi zimathandizira kukulitsa mizu ndikuchepetsa kutengeka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Scad ndi reagent
Chithandizo chamalire, monga kukweza nthaka pH, chiyenera kuchitika zaka ziwiri musanabzala, chifukwa chomeracho sichimagwira bwino zomwe zimatchedwa liming yatsopano. Ndiye pakhoza kukhala vuto ndi matenda a khungu la mbatata, lomwe mosakayikira ndi nkhanambo. Matendawa amapezekanso nthaka ikakhala pH kwambiri. Ndipo kuopa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa kumapangitsa alimi kunyalanyaza kuika malire.
Nkhanambo wamba chifukwa cha Kuchiritsa Mitundu, imawoneka pa ma tubers ngati mawanga ang'onoang'ono abulauni omwe amakulitsa pakapita nthawi. Maonekedwe awo amasiyanasiyana kutengera kupsinjika kwa wolakwayo komanso kuchuluka kwa kukana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutenga mawonekedwe athyathyathya, otsekedwa, otukuka kapena mauna. Kukhudzidwa ndi matendawa kumathandizira kutsitsa mtengo wamalonda wa mbatata, komanso mavuto asungidwe.
Zinthu zabwino kwambiri pakukula kwa nkhanambo zili m'nthaka yopepuka komanso yopanda mpweya, pomwe dothi pH limaposa 5.2, koma monga tanenera kale, imapanganso pH ya 7.5. Matendawa "amakonda" kutentha kwakukulu: 20-30 ° C. Chinyezi cha dothi ndichofunikanso. Nthaka youma yokhala ndi madzi m'munda osakwana 65-70%. kumalimbitsa ziwalo.
Kutengeka kosiyanasiyana kumakondanso kutenga matendawa. Pansipa tikupereka zitsanzo za mitundu ya mbatata yomwe imadziwika ndi kulolerana ndi nkhanambo (gwero: IHAR-PIB):
Mitundu yodyedwa: Bila, Bohun, Cekin, Etiuda, Finezja, Gwiazda, Ignacy, Irga, Irys, Jurek, Laskara, Lord, Michalina, Miłek, Owacja, Tajfun.
Mitundu ya wowuma: Amaranth, Boryna, Cedron, Glada, Harpun, Ikar, Inwestor, Jubilat, Kaszub, Kuba, Mieszko, Pasja Pomorska, Szyper.
Maimidwe ofunikira
Tikukukumbutsani kuti pafupifupi. 70 peresenti. Nthaka zaku Poland ndizosavuta, chifukwa chake zimayenera kuthiridwa miyala. Zomwe zimachitika zimadalira mtundu wa dothi: nthaka yoyera ndi 5.5, ndipo nthaka yapakati komanso yolemera ndi 6.5. Mbatata ngati dothi pH kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 7.0, komanso nthawi yomweyo ndi mchere wochepa. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti zokolola zochuluka zimapezeka panthaka yokhala ndi pH yocheperako pang'ono (yochepera 6.0). Komabe, nthawi zambiri amalimidwa m'malo okhala ndi ma acidic ambiri - okhala ndi pH ngakhale 4.5.
Ndipo ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti pa nthaka yochepa pH, kupezeka kwa phosphorous ndi molybdenum, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu, zimachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto lokhumudwitsidwa ndi zotayidwa ndi zitsulo zina zolemetsa ndilofunikanso.
Kodi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yopangira utoto wa mbatata ndi iti? Pambuyo zokolola - pamaso pa chiputu kulima. Laimu wa feteleza amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito polima m'nyengo yozizira. Sayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi, mwachitsanzo, manyowa, chifukwa ndiye kuti mpweya wa nayitrogeni umakhala ngati ammonia. Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya laimu ya laimu ku dothi lowala bwino kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 2 t CaO / ha. Komanso, panthaka zina, mitundu ya laimu yomwe ilipo mu 2.5-3 t CaO / ha imalimbikitsidwa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa kupewa kupewa mbatata ndikumasakanikirana bwino ndi nthaka ndi ulonda wa feteleza umuna .