"Kumvetsetsa bwino thanzi la nthaka kumabweretsa njira zopangira mbatata zambiri"
"Ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri lomwe tili nalo pakadali pano pamakampani a mbatata," atero a Chris Voigt, director director ku Washington State Potato Commission. “Sitingathe kutsatira zomwe tikufuna. Makasitomala athu akhala akugawira chakudya zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi. Takulitsa minda yambiri yothirira m'dera la Columbia Basin. ”
Chimodzi mwamavuto ndikukula kwa mbatata ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe zimatenga kuti tizirombo ta mbatata ndi matenda atuluke. Popanda fumigation, mbatata zimatha kubzalidwa pamtunda womwewo zaka 12 zilizonse. Ngati agwiritsa ntchito fumigants, chiwerengerocho chimachepa mpaka zaka zinayi zilizonse. Ngakhale ndi zonunkhiritsa, boma silipanganso mbatata zokwanira.
Pofuna kuwonjezera zokolola, asayansi othandizidwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana ndi ndalama kuchokera ku USDA, Washington State Legislature, Washington State Potato Commission ndi opanga mbatata akufufuza momwe angathandizire kukonza nthaka mu mbatata.
"Kumvetsetsa bwino thanzi la nthaka kudzatsogolera ku njira zopangira mbatata zambiri," atero a Richard Koenig, a Washington State University of Crop and Soil Science chair. “Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zokolola, kuchepetsa nthawi yoyendetsera alimi asanabwerere ku mbatata, kapena zonse ziwiri. Chimodzi mwa mafungulo apa ndikumvetsetsa momwe njira zoyendetsera nthaka zingachepetsere matenda, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mbewu zambiri komanso zimakhudza nthawi yosinthasintha. ”
Pulojekiti idalamulidwa mchilimwe 2018 kuti aunike zolemba zonse zomwe zikupezeka zokhudzana ndi kafukufuku yemwe adachitidwapo kale zaumoyo wa mbatata.
"Tidali kufunafuna kafukufuku yemwe alipo," atero a Karen Hills, omwe amafufuza nawo Center for Sustain Agriculture and Natural Resources ku Washington State University. "Zomwe timayesa kuchita ndi chikalatachi ndikukhazikitsa zina mwa zinthu zofunika kuzichita mtsogolo kafukufuku. Tidayang'ana zomwe zachitika komanso zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa. Kunena zowona, padakali zambiri zoti zichitike. ”
Chaka chatha, USDA idalipira ntchito yazaka zinayi kuti ifufuze za nthaka ya mbatata.
"Pulogalamu yanga yofufuzira ikukhudzidwa ndi ntchito zingapo zomwe zimawunika momwe kasamalidwe kabwino ka mbewu kamakhudzira thanzi la mbatata," atero a Ken Frost, omwe ali ndi matenda azomera Hermiston Agriculture Research ndi Extension Center, gawo la University of Oregon State. "Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yofufuzira yomwe ndili nayo pano yathandizidwa ndi USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative."
2019 chinali chaka choyamba kuti mbewu zilimidwe pantchitoyi.
"Ndikuganiza kuti mbatata ndi gawo latsopano," adatero Frost. “Ndi njira yosokonezeka kwambiri. Mitundu ina yobzala ikufuna kuchepetsa kulima. Ndicho chinthu chomwe sitingathe kuchita pakulima mbatata. Tiyenera kuganizira za izi munjira ina yosiyana ndi momwe timaganizira m'ma kachitidwe ena. ”
Frost ndi m'modzi mwa ofufuza pafupifupi 20 omwe akugwira ntchitoyi. Ofufuzawa akuyang'ana momwe kasinthasintha ka mbeu kamakhudzira kachilombo ka microbium. Frost akuchita kusinthasintha kwa zaka ziwiri ndi mbatata ndi tirigu komanso kusinthana kwa zaka zitatu ndi mbatata, chimanga ndi tirigu.
"Kusinthaku kulikonse kumakhala ndi mpiru wakugwa ngati chophatikiza ndi kagwiritsidwe ka manyowa a mkaka," Frost adati. "Ndine katswiri wazachipatala pophunzitsa, zambiri pantchito yanga ndimayang'ana momwe kasamalidwe kosiyanasiyana kamakhudzira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mbatata, matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa, komanso zokolola komanso zotayika zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha matendawa.
Poyesa kuyesa njira zodulira mbatata mokwanira, takhala tikuchulukitsa mayankho amtundu wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili m'nthaka (mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya onse ndi bowa omwe alipo) pakuwongolera mbewu kuti mudziwe ngati pali tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kapena magulu a Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timathandiza kapena kuwononga thanzi la mbewu za mbatata. Tikuganiza kuti kufufuzira momwe nthaka imagwirira ntchito poyang'anira njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi mbewu, kuphatikiza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, pamapeto pake zitha kuthandiza alimi kusamalira madera awo pazinthu zomwe zingalimbikitse thanzi ndi zokolola, ndikuchepetsa zovuta chifukwa cha matenda. ”
"Pali zambiri zomwe zikuchitika mubokosi lakuda kuposa momwe timaganizira," adatero Hill. “Minda ina ikutulutsa zokolola zambiri kuposa ena. Sizingafotokozeredwe ndimayeso anthawi zonse a nthaka. Pali china chake chomwe chikuchitika. Sitingathe kuloza anthu omwe akukayikira zomwezo. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuchitika mokhudzana ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono m'nthaka. "