Globodera rostochiensis ndi Globodera pallida (potato cyst nematodes, PCNs) amawononga kwambiri solanum
tuberosum . Njira yaikulu yofalitsira nematode imeneyi ndi kuyenda kwa dothi lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri (monga pamakina, kutsatira ma tubers). Infestation imachitika pamene mwana wa siteji yachiwiri amaswa dzira ndi kulowa muzu pafupi ndi kukula nsonga ndi kuboola epidermal cell makoma, ndiyeno mkati maselo makoma, ndi stylet. Pambuyo pake, imayamba kudya ma cell a pericycle, cortex kapena endodermis. Nematode imapangitsa kukula kwa maselo amizu ndi kuwonongeka kwa makoma ake kuti apange selo lalikulu, losamutsa syncytial. Sycytium iyi imapereka zakudya ku nematode. Mbewu za mbatata zomwe zakhudzidwa zimakhala ndi mizu yocheperako ndipo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi, mbewuyo imatha kufa.
Zizindikiro zapamwamba chifukwa cha ma PCN sizodziwika ndipo nthawi zambiri sizidziwika.
Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizira timagulu tating'onoting'ono ta mbewu, zomwe nthawi zina zimawonetsa chikasu, kufota kapena kufa kwa masamba; kukula kwa tuber kumachepetsedwa ndipo mizu imakhala ndi nthambi zambiri ndi dothi lokhazikika. Komabe, pali zifukwa zina zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikirozi. Zomera ziyenera kukwezedwa kuti ziwone ngati pali zotupa ndi zazikazi pamizu, kapena dothi liyenera kuchotsedwa.
kutengedwa kukayezetsa. Azimayi achichepere ndi ma cysts amangowoneka ndi maso ngati timitu ting'onoting'ono toyera, chikasu kapena bulauni pamizu. Kuzindikira mwa kukweza mbewu kumatheka kwakanthawi kochepa popeza zazikazi zimakhwima kukhala cysts kenako zimatha kutayika pokweza, ndipo njirayi imatenga nthawi. Kuyesa nthaka ndiye njira yabwino yodziwira kukhalapo kwa ma PCN.
Chidziwitso cha baluni kutengera kuchuluka kwa zamoyo potengera kapangidwe kake kungakhale kovuta chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana komwe kumawonedwa kwa mikhalidwe yayikulu. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito kaphatikizidwe ka cyst ndi makhalidwe a ana a msinkhu wachiwiri akulimbikitsidwa kuti adziwike odalirika.
Njira ya IPM ndiyofunika kuthana ndi PCN, kuphatikiza:
- Dothi lachitsanzo kuti lizindikire kukhalapo kwa PCN ndipo, ngati zatsimikiziridwa, dziwani mitundu ya PCN ndi chiwerengero cha anthu chifukwa izi zidzakhudza chisankho cha kasamalidwe.
- Limbikitsani zozungulira kuti muchepetse milingo ya PCN: pali zida za PCN zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutalika kozungulira ndi kuchuluka kwa PCN.
- Control volunteer (groundkeeper) mbatata
- Gwiritsani ntchito mbatata yotsimikizika, yopangidwa pamtunda woyesedwa wopanda PCN
- Onetsetsani njira zaukhondo zomwe zimachepetsa kusuntha kwa nthaka, kuphatikizapo kuchokera ku ma graders
- Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yomwe imalimbana ndi mitundu ya PCN yomwe ilipo
- Gwiritsani ntchito zodulira msampha ndi ma biofumigants pozungulira
- Gwiritsani ntchito nematicide
Chithunzi: EPPO (2024) EPPO Global Database. https://gd.eppo.int
Chidziwitso: EPPO (2022), PM 7/40 (5) Globodera rostochiensis ndi Pale Globodera. EPPO Ng'ombe, 52: 286-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12836
