Kuphatikiza pa kukulitsa bwino, chepetsani nematode ndi matenda pogwiritsa ntchito zida zabwino kwambiri m'bokosi la zida.
Pankhani yosamalira matenda ndi nematode, pali zambiri zoti mutulutse. Pali mbiri yakale, mitundu yanji yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito, zovuta zomwe mukukumana nazo - ngakhale zolinga zomwe mukuyesera kukwaniritsa mkati mwa chaka choperekedwa. Zikafika kwa izo, palibe njira yofananira ndi kasamalidwe, koma pali malangizo ndi zidule zomwe zingathandize alimi. Pamsonkhano wa Canada Spud Congress pa Marichi 23, otsogolera atatu ochokera ku Canada adalumikizana ndi gulu la "Crop Talk: Olima aku Canada Amakambirana za Nematode ndi Disease Management" kuti akambirane njira zowongolera zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'magawo awo.
Dziwani Malo Anu ndi Chigawo Chanu
Zikafika poyambira, kudziwa gawo lanu, mavuto amdera lanu ndi nthaka ndizofunika kwambiri. Charles Emre waku Ontario akuti pali mavuto ambiri omwe amakumana nawo chaka ndi chaka. “Ndili m’zigwa zamchenga m’chigawo cha Norfolk, kumene kalelo kunali likulu la fodya padziko lonse,” akutero Emre, mlimi wa m’badwo wachinayi. “Mbiri ya mchenga kukhala fodya ilinso ndi utsi wambiri. Pamene tinayamba, dothi limeneli linali vuto lalikulu.”
Emre adapeza kuti akulimbana ndi zinthu zochepa za organic - kapena, chifukwa chosowa mawu abwinoko, nthaka yakufa. "Ngakhale ndi fumigation yonseyo, zikuwoneka kuti zikupangitsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi nematode ndikuyambitsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kuphatikizika," akutero. “Mavuto aakulu amene takhala tikukumana nawo m’zaka zapitazi ndi zinthu zochepa zimene zili m’nthaka, kusakhala bwino kwa nthaka, chilala ndi kutenthedwa kwa kutentha, nematodes ndi compaction.”
Poyerekeza, Darren White wa ku Manitoba akuti ndizovuta kuyiwala vuto la chaka chatha: chilala. "Takhala ndi zaka ziwiri, pafupifupi zaka zitatu za chilala komanso zovuta zamvula zosachepera zomwe zimasefukira komanso madzi othirira okwanira," akutero White. Monga katswiri wazachuma ku Delta Ag Services, akukhulupirira kuti iyi yakhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri pokumbukira posachedwapa.
Komabe, pazaka 10 zapitazi, vuto lalikulu lakhala likukhudzana ndi kufanana komanso kusasinthasintha. "Tili ndi kusintha kwa kaonekedwe ka dothi, kusiyanasiyana kwa chonde cha nthaka, otsetsereka ndi zomwe siziri…Kuyesa kutenga izi ndikutulutsa mbeu yambatata yosasinthasintha yomwe imasunga pamene tikulimbana ndi kuthirira madzi mopitirira muyeso ndi kuthirira ndi zina ndizovuta," akufotokoza motero.
Pa Prince Edward Island, Steve Watts, mwiniwake komanso wogwiritsa ntchito Genesis Crop Systems Inc., akuti mavuto akulu amachokera kumalingaliro azachuma. "Tili ndi mphamvu zamtundu uliwonse kunja uko zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira ndi zina zamkati zomwe titha," akuwonjezera. "Mukatsegula bukhu lathu lothandizira matenda a mbatata, nthawi zambiri mumapeza tizirombo kapena matenda angapo m'minda yathu. Zambiri mutha kuzilamulira bwino ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. ”
Vuto lalikulu pa PEI ndi kusowa kwa zida - makamaka chifukwa kufukiza kwa mankhwala sikuloledwa. "Kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zomwe zingayang'anire nematodes kumathandiza pang'ono ndipo ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pamakampani athu pano," akutero Watts. Kudziwa mbiri yakale, mtundu wa nthaka, ndi zomwe minda yanu ingathe kuchita ndi zomwe adachita m'mbuyomu ndi sitepe yoyamba yoyendetsera ntchito.
Kupanga Dongosolo
Pankhani yolunjika komanso kasamalidwe ka matenda, kukhala ndi dongosolo ndikofunikira. Dongosololi litha kutenga mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ambiri koma kudziwa cholinga chanu chonse ndi chofunikira. Emre akufotokoza kuti: “Kudziwa zimene mukuchita komanso zolinga zimene mukuchita m’gawolo kumathandiza. "Pokhala olima misika yatsopano, tidzasiya zokolola tsiku lililonse, kuti zolinga zathu zikhale zosiyana ndi wolima wina wochokera ku chinthu china."
Watts akuti ngati mukukhudzidwa ndi nematode, muyenera kuyesa nthaka yanu. "Kuyesa dothi kumeneko kukuthandizani kuti muwone pomwe mukuyimira pakadali pano," akutero. "Sindiyenera kuyesa dothi zambiri nthawi zambiri chifukwa ndikudziwa kuti ziwerengero zidzakwera m'magawo ambiri a Zilumba." Onse White ndi Watts amanena kuti mutsimikizire kasinthasintha wa mbeu ili mu dongosolo lanu la kasamalidwe. "Magawo ambiri a mbatata m'chigawochi akhala akupanga kwazaka zopitilira khumi," akutero White. "Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri timasinthasintha zaka zitatu."
Emre amagwiranso ntchito kuphatikizira kasinthasintha wa mbewu muzolinga zake - komabe, akuti kusintha kwazaka zitatu kapena zinayi sikwabwino komwe ali nako. “Timasinthasintha chaka chilichonse,” akufotokoza motero Emre. "Zaka zingapo zapitazo, tidayenera kusintha malingaliro athu, koma tidaganiza kuti mbatata zilipira ngongole zathu ndikungoyang'ana kwambiri." Pamapeto pake, kasinthasintha wa mbewu kumathandiza chifukwa mukuletsa chinthu chimodzi makamaka: kudyetsa tizilombo. "Lekani kudyetsa otsutsa ndi matenda zakudya zomwe amakonda nthawi zonse," akutero Watts. "Izi zikutanthauza, kusintha kasinthasintha wa mbewu zanu mozungulira."
Kusunga Zida za Bokosi la Zida
Kuphatikiza pa zida monga kasinthasintha wa mbewu, kuteteza mbewu ndi njira ina yothanirana ndi nematode ndi matenda. Velum - chida chopangidwa ndi Bayer Crop Science - ndi chida chimodzi chomwe onse atatu amakhulupirira kuti chimawonjezera phindu kumunda. Velum asanalembetsedwe, Watts adayamba kuyesa mayeso ndi Bayer pazogulitsa. "Tidawona kukhudzidwa kwa mbewu komwe tidayika Velum panthawiyo," akutero. "Mayeso amenewo adangotha chaka chimodzi." Ndi magulu ake omwe amalima, komabe, amayesa mankhwalawa pakati pa minda isanu mpaka 10 pachaka kwa zaka zingapo kuti asunge bwino ndikumvetsetsa malondawo.
"Ndiko komwe ndinakulitsa chidaliro changa ndi Velum," akutero. "Ndikukuuzani tsopano, mlimi aliyense amene timagwira naye ntchito akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Velum kulikonse kumene angathe, makamaka pamitundu yapakati mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo. Tikuwona phindu pamenepo. " White adayesa Velum koyamba mu 2017. "Kuyambira mu 2018, takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito Velum mochulukira mumzere - choyamba choyang'ana ku Umatilla Russet," akutero. "Tsopano, imakonda kupita maekala onse." White adawona kuthandizira makamaka ndi dontho lakuda pamagawo omwe amagwira nawo ntchito.
Emre akuti nkhawa yake yayikulu pamunda wake poyesa Velum ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nyongolotsi zake sizikhala chimodzimodzi. "Tinkayembekezera kuti sizingagwirizane ndi zomwe timayesera kuchita, zomwe zimamanganso dothi lathu," akutero. Atazindikira kuti anthuwa adakhazikika, Emre adayamba kuyesanso. Akali mkati moyesa Velum pafupifupi 80 peresenti yamunda. Koma, onse atatu achenjeze ndipo nenani kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi dongosolo lowongolera kukana. “Osagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chida,” akufotokoza motero Emre. “Khalani okonzeka kusintha zinthu. Iloleni igwire ntchito yake, kenako ikani pambali. "
Watts akuwonjezera kuti ngakhale Velum amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa ma nematode ndi matenda ku PEI, amamvetsetsa kuti ilinso ndi zotsatira zachiwiri pa matenda a foliar komanso kusintha pulogalamu yawo ya foliar fungicide molingana ndi mitundu ina. Iye anati: “Zikatero, tidzapewa kuchita zimenezi mpaka kalekale. "Pali zinthu zina zabwino zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchita izi kumbali ya matenda a foliar." Ku Manitoba, White amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu ngati Velum pochiza choyipitsa choyambirira.
"Ndakhala ndi nkhawa kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe kuti kuwonongeka koyambirira kungayambire kukana mankhwalawo," akutero White. "Pali kuyang'anitsitsa kuti m'chigawochi musakhale ndi matenda owopsa. Mnansi wathu kumwera, North Dakota, nayenso akuyang’anira. Pambuyo pa Velum, sitikugwiritsa ntchito gulu lina lachisanu ndi chiwiri - tikuzungulira magulu ena kuti tiyese kuti mankhwalawa agwire ntchito kwa ife malinga ndi momwe angathere. Onetsetsani kuti zogulitsa zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mtsogolo osagwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso.
Zolemba Zofananira - Mukufuna Thandizo Lothandizira Nematode ndi Matenda? Akatswiri Ali ndi Malingaliro