Alangizi awiri ndi wofufuza posachedwapa anakambirana mfundo zofunika kwambiri za manyowa wobiriwira pa Intaneti msonkhano pa Bioknowledge Sabata. Ndi nthawi iti yabwino yobzala mbewu za manyowa obiriwira ndi iti yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri? Kodi alimi ayenera kuthana ndi njira zawo za manyowa obiriwira mosiyanasiyana pati? Alangizi ndi ofufuza amapereka malingaliro asanu ndi limodzi.
1. Bzalani manyowa obiriwira munthawi yake kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino
Polima manyowa obiriwira, nthawi yofesa ndiyomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola. 'Mbewu ya manyowa obiriwira iyenera kupatsidwa nthawi kuti ikule', akutero katswiri waulimi wa Agrifirm Erik Nagelhoud. 'Ndi mitundu yambiri, zimatenga milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi kuti pamwamba pasanjidweyo izimere mizu. Kutentha kumapangitsa kuti chinachake chikule mofulumira. Tsiku la kukula mu Julayi ndi sabata mu Ogasiti, mwezi wa Seputembala komanso nthawi yayitali mu Okutobala', akufotokoza Nagelhoud.
Malinga ndi katswiri wolimidwa, kudzakhala mochedwa kuti radish ifike kumapeto kwa Novembala. 'Yellow mpiru ndi oats akadali bwino ndiye.' Nagelhoud akugogomezera kuti ngati alimi akulima nyengo yozizira isanakwane, kufesa kumapeto kwa Novembala sikuthandiza. 'Ndiye ndi bwino kubzala mbewu ya dzinja ngati rye kumayambiriro kwa masika.'
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mlangizi wodziyimira pawokha a Christoffel den Herder waku Ceres Horti Advice akuchenjeza kuti alimi olima amathanso kubzala msanga kwambiri. 'Maluwa ndiye amakhala pachiwopsezo. Ngati ikhala youma, manyowa obiriwirawo sangamere, koma namsongole adzaphuka. Izi zitha kubweretsa udzu wambiri mu mbewu, akufotokoza Den Herder.
Mukalima mbeu mukatha kuthira manyowa osagwiritsa ntchito inversion tillage, mumafuna mtundu wina wosiyana ndi ukulima wamba.CHRISTOFFEL DEN HERDER, CERES HORTI MALANGIZO
2. Fufuzani ndi mitundu iti yomwe mungachepetse nematode
'Mungathe kulimbana ndi nematodes mpaka 99 peresenti ndi marigolds,' akutero wofufuza wa Agrifirm Thea van Beers. 'Zimatenga miyezi itatu kuti muzule bwino. Kusamva chakudya cha radish ndi yellow mpiru ndizothandiza polimbana ndi kuchulukitsa kwa beet cyst nematode.' Van Beers akugogomezera kufunikira kosankha feteleza wobiriwira yemwe samafalitsa nematode.
'Kumbukirani mbewu yotsatira makamaka. Makamaka pamene nyengo yozizira yadutsa, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri kufalitsa.' Wofufuzayo akutchulanso kuopsa kwa nyemba za nyemba. Simunganyalanyaze izi chifukwa cha nitrogen, koma pa dothi lamchenga lomwe lili ndi nematodes zosiyanasiyana zaulele komanso mbewu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka, nyemba zambiri zimamera. Ndiye nkwanzeru kusasankha maluwa a nyemba,’ akufotokoza motero.
3. Sankhani mosamala njira inayake
Nthawi zina ndi bwino kusankha njira ya manyowa obiriwira. Mwachitsanzo, a Den Herder amayitanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito tillage (NKG) kuti agwiritse ntchito mitunduyo kuti azitha kutsatira zipatso.
'Mukamalima mbewu ku NKG pambuyo pa manyowa obiriwira, mumafuna mtundu wosiyana ndi wolima wamba. Munthawi ya NKG, mtundu womwe umapangitsa kuti ukhale wocheperako ndi wosavuta. Mukatero mudzatha kukonza bwino,' akutero mlangizi wodziyimira pawokha.
Mfundo ina yomwe Den Herder amapanga ndi vuto lowonjezeka la kudya. Malinga ndi iye, alimi angaganizire kukula mochedwa wobiriwira manyowa pambuyo waukulu mbewu. 'Phatikizanipo kanthaŵi kochepa kameneko kuti muumitse nthaka kuti muthe kuthana ndi tizilombo towononga.'
4. Pofesa kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ganizirani za nthawi yolima
Malingana ndi Nagelhoud, nkofunika kuti alimi olima aganizire mozama za nthawi yomwe akufuna kulima manyowa obiriwira pamene akufesa pambuyo pa 15 September. 'Ngati mukufuna kukonza kusakaniza m'nyengo yozizira, mukufunikira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakula mofulumira pa kutentha kochepa. Ndiye mumatha ndi kusakaniza komwe kumaphatikizapo oats ndi mpiru ', akutero katswiri wolima.
'Alimi akasiya mbewu m'nyengo yozizira, amayenera kuyang'ana mbali zachisanu monga rye yozizira kapena ryegrass. Mitundu imeneyi imatha kupitiriza kumera m’nyengo yozizira n’kuzika mizu m’nthaka,’ akutero Nagelhoud.
5. Mukamalima m'nyengo yozizira, muzikumbukira zokolola
Den Herder amakhulupirira kuti manyowa obiriwira amatha kulimidwa bwino m'nyengo yozizira. "Ndizofunika kwambiri zomwe mukufuna pambuyo pake. Ngati mukufuna kuti mbewuyo ikhale yobiriwira m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuwerengera kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa m'nyengo yachisanu', akutero. 'Kuphimba pansi sikulola kuti nthaka iume bwino. Ubwino wake ndi manyowa obiriwira amoyo m'nyengo yozizira.'
Mlangizi adanenanso kuti manyowa obiriwira oziziritsa angakhalenso ofunika. Kenako mbewuyo imaundana pang'onopang'ono ndikuphimba nthaka. Komanso, nthaka nthawi zambiri youma kale. Ndikupangira manyowa obiriwira oziziritsa pa dothi lomwe amalimidwa m'chaka komanso m'malo a NKG kuphatikiza mbewu zam'mbuyomu, akufotokoza Den Herder.
Van Beers amawona kusiya manyowa obiriwira m'nyengo yozizira ngati njira. 'M'mbuyomu, izi sizinali zofala pazifukwa zolemetsa. Dothi lolemera limafunikira nyengo chifukwa cha chisanu m'nyengo yozizira,' akutero wofufuza wa Agrifirm. 'Mumawona zotsatira zabwino pa dothi lopepuka. Zomera zimalepheretsa kufota ndipo zimayamwa chinyezi.'
6. Gwiritsani ntchito manyowa obiriwira mwachiphamaso
'Zondichitikira zanga ndikuti kuthira manyowa obiriwira m'malo mongopereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri', akutero Den Herder. 'Zomera zimakumana bwino ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali pamwamba pake.' Iye amakonda kuimba m'manja. Mlangizi amalimbikitsa kuti asachoke pamtunda kwa sabata imodzi pambuyo pa kugunda. 'Kenaka chinyonthocho chikhoza kusanduka nthunzi,' akufotokoza motero.
'A kuwala pre-processing ali ndi ubwino chimbudzi. Pankhani ya kugaya chakudya, ndimaona kuti roughing ndi chogudubuza mpeni sichigwira ntchito ngati chotchetcha flail ', akufotokoza Den Herder. Van Beers akugogomezera kuti alimi olima sayenera kubisa misa mozama kwambiri masika. 'Kenako mumathira manyowa obiriwira ndipo musawagayike,' akutero wofufuza wa Agrifirm.