Kodi mkati mwa selo la chomera muli ngati madzi kapena olimba? Ngakhale izi zitha kumveka ngati funso losamvetseka, kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Yunivesite ya Amsterdam akuwonetsa kuti zitha kukhala, kutengera kuchuluka komwe mumawunikira. Ma chloroplasts m'maselo a zomera amapanga zinthu zomwe zimasintha kwambiri.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, asayansi ndi anthanthi achita chidwi kwambiri ndi funso la mmene zomera zimamvera ndi kuchitapo kanthu ku chilengedwe chawo nthawi zakale. Zaka zoposa XNUMX zapitazo, Plato analemba m’buku lake lakuti “Timaeus” kuti zomera zili ndi “moyo” umene umamva “zotengeka maganizo, zosangalatsa, zowawa, ndi chikhumbo” koma n’zopanda “kuweruza ndiponso luntha.”
Kusuntha, kapena kusasuntha
Pamene kuli kwakuti asayansi amakono amavomereza mochuluka kupendekera kolongosoledwa mwandakatulo kumeneku, iwo angatsutsane ndi mawu otsatira a Plato akuti zomera “zimalandidwa mphamvu ya kudziyenda”; kuzika mizu sikutanthauza kuti zomera zikulephera kusuntha. Ganizirani za mpendadzuwa waung'ono womwe umatsata dzuŵa tsiku lililonse, kapena chomera chanyumba chomwe chimamera pafupi ndi zenera ladzuwa.
M'malo ocheperako, nthawi yayitali ma chloroplast mkati mwa maselo a zomera adzasuntha mofulumira poyankha kusintha kuwala kwambiri. Chloroplasts ndi zigawo zobiriwira za maselo a zomera zomwe zimapanga photosynthesis, njira yosinthira kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu ya mankhwala. Sayima mkati mwa cell, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni mkati mwa nembanemba yawo kuti ayende mozungulira mkati mwa cytoplasm.
Munthawi yowala pang'ono, ma chloroplasts amafalikira kuti atenge kuchuluka kwa kuwala. Komabe, kuwonetseredwa mopitirira muyeso ku kuwala kowala kumawawononga, tsoka lomwe amapewa ndi kuthawa mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, kusuntha kwa chloroplast nthawi imodzi kumakulitsa magwiridwe antchito a photosynthetic ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zithunzi.
Khalidwe lagalasi
Ngakhale zaka makumi ambiri akufufuza za kayendedwe ka intracellular, pali mafunso ambiri otseguka okhudza momwe ma chloroplast amadzipangira pamodzi. Ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Amsterdam Nico Schramma, Cintia Perugachi Israëls ndi Maziyar Jalaal anaganiza zophunzira khalidweli kuchokera ku physics.
Pepala lawo limasindikizidwa m'magazini Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti pakuwala pang'ono, ma chloroplasts amapanga monolayer yomwe imakhala ngati galasi. Izi zikuwonetsa kugwirizana kodabwitsa pakati pa izi dongosolo lazachilengedwe ndi luso lolemera la magalasi,” akufotokoza motero Schramma. Kuposa mawindo, galasi ndi gawo lolimba la zinthu lopangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono todzaza koma osakonzedwa bwino.
Mosiyana ndi maatomu osavuta (omwe alidi opanda moyo), ma chloroplast amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti apange kayendedwe kawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma chloroplasts amakhudzidwa ndikulumikizana ndi chilengedwe chawo chapadera. Izi zimapangitsa gawo lagalasili kukhala mtundu watsopano wosangalatsa wa "yogwira" nkhani.
Kukhala pagalasi ndi kothandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti kuwala komwe kungatheke kumasonkhanitsidwa pamalo opanda kuwala, chifukwa ma chloroplasts ali pabwino. Pamene awululidwa kuwala kowala, magalasi ameneŵa “amasungunuka” mofulumira kukhala madzi amene ma chloroplast amayenda mofulumira.
Pafupi ndi kusintha
Pofufuza ndi kusanthula kayendedwe ka kuwala kodalira ma chloroplast mu zomera za Elodea densa, ndikuyerekeza izi ndi masamu omwe angopangidwa kumene, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti ma chloroplasts amakonzedwa kuti akhale pafupi ndi kusintha kwapakati pa galasi ndi madzi.
Chizindikiro cha kuyandikira kwa kusinthaku ndikuti ngakhale magalasi ocheperako, si ma chloroplast onse amakhala chete. Nthawi ndi nthawi, chloroplast imaphulika mwadzidzidzi kuchoka pamalo ake, ndikudutsa ena angapo isanamangidwenso. Nthawi zina, kuphulika kumeneku kumayambitsa mayendedwe ogwirizana a ma chloroplast apafupi.
"Kukhala pafupi ndi kusintha kwa magalasi kumathandizira ma chloroplasts kuti asinthe mwachangu kupita ku gawo lamadzimadzi kuti azitha kupeŵa kuwala," akumaliza Schramma. Kupatula kufunikira kwawo kwachilengedwe, magawo omwe amadalira kuwala kwa ma chloroplasts ku Elodea densa amapanga njira yochititsa chidwi ya kafukufuku wamtsogolo pazambiri zogwira ntchito komanso zamoyo.